We aimed to present cases of postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS), all due to long-term intubation and treated surgically in a university hospital, and to discuss them in light of the literature. In this retrospective study, 22 patients who were treated with tracheal resection and reconstruction due to PITS were included. Demographics, intubation characteristics, localization of stenosis, surgical technique and material, postoperative complications, and survival of patients were recorded. The mean intubation duration was 16.95 days with a median of 15.00 days. Collar incision was applied in 19 cases (86.4%); in two cases (9.1%) a median sternotomy incision was used; and in the remaining case (4.5%), a right thoracotomy incision was made. The mean tracheal stenosis length was 2.14 cm (mean excision length, 2.5 cm). In 17 cases (77.3%), the anterior walls were supported with vicryl (polyglactin) suture one by one. No postoperative complications were observed in 12 cases (54.5%). No recurrence developed during the long-term follow-up of 15 of the 22 patients (68.2%). Two patients (9.1%) died in the early stages after surgery, and five patients (22.7%) had a stent inserted due to restenosis. Tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis are the most efficient techniques in cases without medical contraindications, despite emerging stent or endoscopic procedures. Endoscopic interventions can be suggested as an alternative to surgery in patients for whom surgery cannot be performed or who develop recurrence.

Pulmonary mucous gland adenomas are rare benign tumors, which need to be differentiated from malign lung masses. The differential diagnosis is of particular importance for those arising from lung parenchyma in atypical locations. In this article, we report a 70-year-old male patient, who had complaints of cough and expectoration for almost two years. Chest computed tomography showed a 1 cm nodule at the left lower lobe of lung. The tumor was totally resected with mini-thoracotomy and wedge resection and sent to the pathology department for a frozen examination. The frozen result was reported as benign. The pathological diagnosis was mucous gland adenoma. The patient had no postoperative complication and made a complete recovery. Pulmonary mucous adenomas may rarely originate from lung parenchyma and be seen in patients with peripherally located lung lesions.

BACKGROUND:This study mainly aimed to determine the frequency of sternal fractures in thoracic trauma patients and to assess the differences in surgical need, cardiac findings, and treatment processes between patients with fracture on different sternal zones and displaced and non-displaced sternal fractures. METHODS:We analyzed the data of patients with sternal fracture due to thoracic trauma admitted to a state hospital between January 2011 and December 2015. Patient data comprised demographics, trauma characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment process. RESULTS:Of the 2764 thoracic trauma patients admitted during the study period, 72 (2.6%) had sternal fracture. The median age was 52 (inter quartile range: 61-38) years; the patients were predominantly male (F/M: 18/54). The most common causes of sternal fractures were motor vehicle accident, fall, and work accident. Of all the patients, 15 had displaced fracture. Abnormal echocardiogram findings were significantly more frequent in patients having fractures on the manubrium than in those having fractures on the corpus of the sternum. Patients who had fracture on the corpus had significantly lesser surgery need than those who had fracture on the manubrium of the sternum. Also, there was statistically significant difference between displaced and non-displaced sternal fracture cases in terms of surgery need (p<0.005). CONCLUSION:Abnormal echocardiography findings were more frequent in patients with sternal fracture on the manubrium and displaced fracture.

In this study, we aimed to present our experience with interventional bronchoscopy in the treatment of endobronchial lesions in our clinic. Between January 2010 and December 2018, a total of 18 patients (11 males, 7 females; mean age 55.1 years; range, 17 to 82 years) who were diagnosed with an endobronchial lesion using bronchoscopy in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, bronchoscopic procedure, location of the lesion, pathological diagnosis, treatment approaches, success of the bronchoscopic treatment, and follow-up outcomes of the patients were evaluated. Control bronchoscopy was performed in 14 patients and a second control bronchoscopy was performed in eight patients. The lesions were located in the right bronchial system in nine (50%), in the left bronchial system in six (33%), and in the trachea in three patients (17%). Except for one pregnant patient, all interventional procedures were performed with a rigid bronchoscope under general anesthesia. Distal areas which were unable to be reached with the rigid bronchoscope were evaluated by a flexible bronchoscope. There were no complications in any of the patients. At the end of the study, the final control biopsies of all patients were found to be normal. The success rate of interventional bronchoscopic methods was 100%. Interventional bronchoscopic methods are the most effective procedures in the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial lesions with a high success rate. Based on our study findings, we suggest that bronchoscopic methods should be preferred as the first-line treatment of benign and selected some malignant endobronchial lesions.

Objectıves: T4 non-small-cell lung cancer comprises a biologically and anatomically heterogeneous group. The 9th edition of the Tumour-Node-Metastasis staging system introduced refined T4 definitions and subdivided N2 disease into single- and multi-station involvement. This study aimed to assess long-term survival and prognostic factors in surgically treated T4 non-small-cell lung cancer patients, focusing on T4 subgroups and nodal status. Methods: We retrospectively analysed patients who underwent resection for pathologically confirmed T4 non-small cell lung cancer between 2006 and 2024. Patients were categorized based on T4 criteria: tumour diameter >7 cm, adjacent structure invasion, or multiple T4 features. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier, Aalen-Johansen and Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 191 patients were analysed. The 5-year overall survival rate was 34.1%, varying across subgroups: 38.7% (size), 29.9% (invasion), and 6.1% (multiple criteria) (P < .001). Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.511; P = .001), while N2 disease (HR: 1.750; P = .012) and multiple T4 features (HR: 2.590; P < .001) predicted worse outcomes. Similar patterns were observed in recurrence-free survival. N2 involvement was particularly adverse in the invasion group. Conclusıons: T4 aetiology and nodal status significantly impact survival following surgery. These findings support the prognostic utility of the 9th Tumour-Node-Metastasis edition and underscore the value of tailored surgical strategies.