This article reviews the mechanisms and research progress of lactylation, an emerging post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, in bone metabolism and related diseases. Lactate-derived lactylation modifies lysine residues on histones, affecting chromatin structure and gene expression. Studies indicate that lactylation plays a significant role in bone metabolism, with mechanisms including the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, potential influence on osteoclast activity, and indirect effects on bone homeostasis through the modulation of immune cell functions such as macrophages and T cells. In periodontitis, lactylation may impact inflammation progression and tissue repair by regulating macrophage polarization and function. In osteoporosis, lactylation adjusts bone density by influencing osteogenic gene expression. Additionally, the role of lactylation in other skeletal behaviors and diseases is gradually being revealed, such as its association with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and its roles in tooth development and rheumatoid arthritis, providing new targets for the treatment of these conditions. Future research will focus on the enzymatic regulatory mechanisms of lactylation, its interactions with other PTMs, and its involvement in metabolic diseases and inflammatory responses. The regulation of lactylation offers new strategies for the treatment of bone-related diseases, including the development of drugs that can reverse or modulate lactylation, and the restoration of bone metabolic balance through the adjustment of lactylation levels. As the understanding of lactylation’s regulatory mechanisms and biological functions deepens, its potential for clinical applications will continue to expand, particularly in the fields of bone regeneration, immunity, and the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Purpose: This study endeavors to investigate ways to optimize the role of teachers in undergraduate dental basic research education (UDBRE) with the aim of nurturing the research potential of undergraduate students.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among medical undergraduates enrolled at the School of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University. Descriptive statistics were employed to comprehensively analyze UDBRE’s fundamental aspects. Kendall rank correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the quality of feedback provided by tutors to undergraduates and the students’ scientific research abilities. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to uncover the factors influencing the effectiveness of UDBRE.Results: A total of 168 medical students were surveyed with a valid response rate of 93.85%. The effectiveness of UDBRE was demonstrated by undergraduates’ self-rated research abilities, active participation in scientific research projects, and a certain amount of academic outputs. Significant and positive correlations (𝓣_b&gt; 0.5, p < 0.001) were identified between the tutor-undergraduate feedback quality and students’ self-rated scores for scientific research abilities. These abilities included developing scientific questions, designing research projects, retrieving and reading literature, academic writing, experiment operation, and analyzing and evaluating experimental results. Positive effects on students’ academic performance (p < 0.05) were observed when higher-quality feedback, an authoritative tutoring style and tutors with middle-career experience were present.Conclusion: This study underscores the pivotal role of UDBRE in fostering the scientific research aptitude of medical undergraduates. It emphasizes the constructive influence of tutor-undergraduate feedback, authoritative teaching styles, providing valuable insights for establishing an effective mentorship framework.

Bone fracture, a widespread bone defect disease, is often caused by mechanical forces and requires long-term healing. Angiogenesis is essential for the rep