This minireview deals with the recent advances on the synthetic strategies for the immobilization of enzymes in metal–organic frameworks.

Recent advances in titanium based MOFs and relevant titanium molecular compounds will be discussed in this review. Particular attention will be devoted to their promising photoredox properties.

Porous titanium oxide materials are attractive for energy-related applications. However, many suffer from poor stability and crystallinity. Here we present a robust nanoporous metal–organic framework (MOF), comprising a Ti₁₂O₁₅ oxocluster and a tetracarboxylate ligand, achieved through a scalable synthesis. This material undergoes an unusual irreversible thermally induced phase transformation that generates a highly crystalline porous product with an infinite inorganic moiety of a very high condensation degree. Preliminary photophysical experiments indicate that the product after phase transformation exhibits photoconductive behavior, highlighting the impact of inorganic unit dimensionality on the alteration of physical properties. Introduction of a conductive polymer into its pores leads to a significant increase of the charge separation lifetime under irradiation. Additionally, the inorganic unit of this Ti-MOF can be easily modified via doping with other metal elements. The combined advantages of this compound make it a promising functional scaffold for practical applications.

A series of MOFs–CaCl ₂ composite sorbents was developed for seasonal heat storage which combine outstanding energy capacity and cycling stability.