Photonic crystal channel drop filters (CDFs) play a vital role in optical communication owing to their ability to drop the desired channel. However, it remains challenging to achieve high-efficiency CDFs. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient three-channel CDF with both high transmission and high quality (Q) factor based on a novel ring resonator that is in the middle of two waveguides. A dielectric column with a large radius replaces the homogeneously distributed dielectric columns inside the ring cavity to modulate the coupling ratio with a straight waveguide, thereby enhancing the transmission and Q factor. The transmission and Q factor of the single-cavity filter are 99.7% and 12,798.4, respectively. The mean value of the three-channel filter based on the basic unit can reach up to 94.6% and 10,617, respectively, and a crosstalk between −30.16 and −50.61 dB is obtained. The proposed CDFs provide efficient filter capability, which reveals great potential in integrated optoelectronics and optical communication.