Plants naturally host a variety of microbial communities, which significantly affect their health and productivity. Cinnamomum migao is a rare and endangered medicinal plant endemic to Southwest China. However, the related research on endophytic fungi of C. migao has been neglected, especially in the fruit, and the interaction between microorganisms in C. migao fruit and its effect on the productivity of C. migao host plants is still unclear. In this study, the endophytic fungi of C. migao fruits in Guizhou, Yunnan, and Guangxi of Southwest China were isolated, purified and cultured, sequenced, and the metabolites of endophytic fungi and the contents of volatile oil components in C. migao fruits were determined and analyzed. The results showed that 476 strains of endophytic fungi (3 class, 6 order, 13 families, 20 genera) were isolated and identified from C. migao fruits, which showed that there were some differences in the composition of endophytic fungi in C. migao fruits from different producing areas. Five differential components—γ‐eucalyptol, bulnesol, bornyl acetate, spathulenol, and linalool were—selected from the essential oils of C. migao fruits, showing both positive and negative correlations with the different locations; these metabolites both promoted and inhibited each other. Additionally, eight cultivable endophytic fungal strains from C. migao fruits were found to share the same chemical composition in their metabolites as the essential oils, and there were also different positive and negative correlations with the origins.

Ophioglossum is an herbaceous genus of the Ophioglossaceae family with notable medicinal value and ecological importance in forest ecosystems. However, the impact of rising global temperatures on its distribution and the habitat ranges of its species in China remains unclear. This study assessed the potential distributions of five closely related Ophioglossum species under current and future climates, identified key environmental drivers, and compared the predictive performance of MaxEnt and GARP models to support conservation planning. Distribution models were built using occurrence records and environmental variables, with key factors identified through jackknife tests and response curves; performance was evaluated using AUC. Future projections were based on CMIP6 scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585). Both models showed good predictive ability (AUC > 0.84), with MaxEnt demonstrating higher efficiency and stability. Species exhibited distinct environmental preferences: O. petiolatum responded mainly to temperature range and vapor pressure; O. pedunculosum to solar radiation and wind; O. vulgatum to vapor pressure and seasonal precipitation; O. reticulatum to solar radiation and diurnal temperature variation; and O. thermale to precipitation seasonality and soil properties. High‐suitability areas are currently concentrated in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces. Future changes in suitable habitat were limited, with no significant differences between the 2050s and 2070s. Climate change is not the primary near‐term driver of distribution shifts for these species; greater threats arise from habitat fragmentation, human disturbance, and reproductive constraints. Conservation efforts should prioritize enhancing habitat connectivity and protecting microhabitats in existing high‐suitability regions. This study provides a scientific basis for Ophioglossum conservation, and future work should incorporate population dynamics and dispersal mechanisms to improve predictive realism.

The drought resistance of Cinnamomum migao seedlings inoculated with endophytic fungi was explored under different drought stress conditions. The seedlings of C. migao were inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum in the rhizosphere, with non-inoculated seedlings serving as the control. Then, the seedlings of C. migao were exposed to different drought stress gradients: normal water supply (80 ± 5% moisture, control), mild (60 ± 5% moisture, T1), moderate (45 ± 5% moisture, T2), and severe (25 ± 5% moisture, T3) drought stress. After 30 days of each drought stress treatment, samples were collected, and growth parameters, osmotic substance content, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content, and endogenous hormone concentrations were measured. Compared with the control group, inoculation with T. harzianum and T. longibrachiatum promoted the growth of C. migao seedlings to varying extents. This inoculation also enhanced their root absorption capacity, increased the relative water content, chlorophyll, and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in leaf tissues (p < 0.05), and facilitated the accumulation of osmotic substances while boosting antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it reduced water potential and decreased the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA₃), and ribosylzeatin (ZR) (p < 0.05). T. harzianum and T. longibrachiatum significantly improved the drought resistance of C. migao seedlings under stress conditions. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further research and development of microbial inoculants.