Exploring photonic topology: Scattering topological effects are being explored in a variety of electronic and optical materials systems owing to their robustness against defects (see the Perspective by Özdemir). Yang et al. designed and fabricated an ideal optical analog of a three-dimensional Weyl system. Angular transmission measurements revealed four Weyl points at the same energy, as well as the signature helicoidal arcs associated with such an exotic topological system. Zhou et al. theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated the formation of a topologically protected bulk Fermi arc. They attributed the formation of the arc to the topological nature of paired exceptional points (points at which gain and loss in the system are matched). Photonic crystals may provide a powerful platform for studying exotic properties of topological electronic systems and may also be used to develop optical devices that exploit topological properties of light-matter interactions. Science , this issue p. 1013 , p. 1009 ; see also p. 995

We predict a new category of optical orbital angular momentum that is associated with the curl of polarization and a kind of vector field with radial-variant hybrid states of polarization that can carry such novel optical orbital angular momentum. We present a scheme for creating the desired vector fields. Optical trapping experiments validate that the vector fields, which have no additional phase vortex, exert torques to drive the orbital motion of the trapped isotropic microspheres.

We present an idea based on Poincaré sphere and demonstrate the creation of a new type of vector fields, which have hybrid states of polarization. Such a type of hybridly polarized vector fields have completely different property from the reported scalar and vector fields. The novel vector fields are anticipated to result in new effects, phenomena, and applications.

Heterodiamond ${\mathrm{BC}}_2\mathrm{N}$, as a kind of superhard material expectable, is studied using the ab initio pseudopotential density functional method. All the calculations are performed after geometric optimization starting from an eight-atom zinc-blende structure unit cell. For all the structures possible, we calculate in detail the structural parameters, charge transfers, bond populations, band structures, density of states, and optical properties (dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity, electron energy loss spectrum, and photoconductivity). In addition, the optical anisotropy of some structures is also discussed. Our calculated results show that all the structures are metastable and some of them tend to form graphitelike structures and exhibit semimetallic behavior leading to interesting optical properties.

Topological semimetals, representing a new topological phase that lacks a full band gap in bulk states and exhibiting nontrivial topological orders, recently have been extended to photonic systems, predominantly in photonic crystals and to a lesser extent metamaterials. Photonic crystal realizations of Dirac degeneracies are protected by various space symmetries, where Bloch modes span the spin and orbital subspaces. Here, we theoretically show that Dirac points can also be realized in effective media through the intrinsic degrees of freedom in electromagnetism under electromagnetic duality. A pair of spin-polarized Fermi-arc-like surface states is observed at the interface between air and the Dirac metamaterials. Furthermore, eigenreflection fields show the decoupling process from a Dirac point to two Weyl points. We also find the topological correlation between a Dirac point and vortex or vector beams in classical photonics. The experimental feasibility of our scheme is demonstrated by designing a realistic metamaterial structure. The theoretical proposal of the photonic Dirac point lays the foundation for unveiling the connection between intrinsic physics and global topology in electromagnetism.

Metamaterials have shown to support the intriguing phenomenon of asymmetric electromagnetic transmission in the opposite propagation directions, for both circular and linear polarizations. In the present article, we propose a criterion on the relationship among the elements of transmission matrix, which allows asymmetrical transmission for linearly polarized electromagnetic radiation only while the reciprocal transmission for circularly one. Asymmetric hybridized metamaterials are shown to satisfy this criterion. The influence from the rotation of the sample around the radiation propagation direction is discussed. A special structure design is proposed, and its characteristics are analyzed by using numerical simulation.