The Hippo pathway controls organ size and homeostasis and is linked to numerous diseases, including cancer. The transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family of transcription factors acts as a receptor for downstream effectors, namely yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which binds to various transcription factors and is essential for stimulated gene transcription. YAP/TAZ-TEAD facilitates the upregulation of multiple genes involved in evolutionary cell proliferation and survival. TEAD1–4 overexpression has been observed in different cancers in various tissues, making TEAD an attractive target for drug development. The central drug-accessible pocket of TEAD is crucial because it undergoes a post-translational modification called auto-palmitoylation. Crystal structures of the C-terminal TEAD complex with small molecules are available in the Protein Data Bank, aiding structure-based drug design. In this study, we utilized the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, shape-based screening, and molecular mechanics–generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) calculations for virtual screening, and we identified a novel non-covalent inhibitor—BC-001—with IC₅₀ = 3.7 μM in a reporter assay. Subsequently, we optimized several analogs of BC-001 and found that the optimized compound BC-011 exhibited an IC₅₀ of 72.43 nM. These findings can be used to design effective TEAD modulators with anticancer therapeutic implications.

By means of a simple mixing procedure, we have constructed cationic Sendai virosomes consisting of fusogenic viral F/HN proteins and cationic lipids. Sendai virus F/HN proteins were purified by Triton X-100 treatment and sequential centrifugation, and then quantitatively added to cationic liposomes. The presence of HN proteins is essential for hemolytic activity of Sendai virus as well as efficient gene transfection. The amount of detergent added for purification of F/HN proteins was also crucial for hemolytic activity. The relevance of F/HN proteins in the gene-transfer capability of the cationic Sendai F/HN virosomes (CSVs) was verified by heat inactivation of the F/HN proteins, and cell-binding competition. DNA condensation by protamine sulfate was able to further enhance the transfection efficiency and serum resistance of CSV. The enhanced transfection efficiency of protamine-condensed DNA-encapsulating cationic Sendai F/HN virosomes (PCSVs) may result from specific and efficient cell binding mediated by F/HN proteins and efficient DNA encapsulation by protamine. The DNA condensation by protamine was crucial for systemic in vivo gene transfer by CSVs. The PCSVs exhibited a higher gene expression in various organs, especially the liver, compared to DOTAP/Chol lipoplexes. These results demonstrate the potential for the use of PCSV as gene delivery vehicles for systemic gene transfer.

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key regulator of mitotic progression and represents an attractive target for anticancer therapy. However, the development of PLK1 inhibitors has been limited by challenges in achieving kinase selectivity and optimal pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we report the development of BA-0443, a novel PLK1 inhibitor identified through a computationally guided design strategy. Structure-based modeling and molecular simulations were employed to derive approaches for improving kinase selectivity, while fragment molecular orbital (FMO) analysis supported favorable binding interactions with PLK1. Guided by these insights, BA-0443 was designed and synthesized to retain potent PLK1 inhibition (IC50 = 3.7 nM) while reducing off-target kinase activity. In addition, BA-0443 exhibits improved pharmacokinetic properties, including enhanced systemic exposure and prolonged circulation time (T1/2 = 5.98 h, AUC = 4330 ng·h/mL), supporting sustained target engagement in vivo. Collectively, BA-0443 represents a promising PLK1 inhibitor that integrates rational design with improved selectivity and pharmacokinetic performance.