This review explores the potential of antimicrobial metabolites derived from Caucasian medicinal plants as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. With the rise of antibiotic resistance posing a global health threat, there is a pressing need to investigate alternative sources of antimicrobial agents. Caucasian medicinal plants have traditionally been used for their therapeutic properties, and recent research has highlighted their potential as sources of antimicrobial compounds. Representatives of 15 families of Caucasian medicinal plant extracts (24 species) have been explored for their efficacy against these pathogens. The effect of these plants on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi is discussed in this paper. By harnessing the bioactive metabolites present in these plants, this study aims to contribute to the development of new antimicrobial treatments that can effectively combat bacterial infections while minimizing the risk of resistance emergence. Herein we discuss the following classes of bioactive compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, alkaloids, and sulfur-containing compounds of Allium species. The review discusses the pharmacological properties of selected Caucasian medicinal plants, the extraction and characterization of these antimicrobial metabolites, the mechanisms of action of antibacterial and antifungal plant compounds, and their potential applications in clinical settings. Additionally, challenges and future directions in the research of antimicrobial metabolites from Caucasian medicinal plants are addressed.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a significant public health concern, particularly in rural regions, like the Caucasus, where tick-borne diseases are prevalent. The review contains comprehensive data on TBEV circulation in the Caucasus region, demonstrating TBE cases in the North Caucasus and Georgia, as well as the identification of new endemic foci in Armenia and Azerbaijan, highlighting the need for further epidemiological studies and surveillance in the region. This review provides an updated overview of TBEV, encompassing its status, subtypes, life cycle and circulation in nature, epidemiology, new approaches to TBE treatment and diagnostics, and recent insights into molecular aspects. Understanding the complexities of TBEV transmission, clinical manifestations, and advancements in diagnostic techniques is crucial for effective management and control strategies. Furthermore, exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying TBEV pathogenesis and host interactions can offer valuable insights for developing novel therapeutics and preventive measures. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate recent research findings and enhance our understanding of TBEV, ultimately contributing to improved public health interventions and patient outcomes.

Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) is a significant public health concern, particularly in rural regions, like the Caucasus, where tick-borne diseases are prevalent. This review provides an up-dated overview of TBEV, encompassing its status, epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, treat-ment options, and recent insights into molecular aspects. Understanding the complexities of TBEV transmission, clinical manifestations, and advancements in diagnostic techniques is crucial for effective management and control strategies. Furthermore, exploring the molecular mecha-nisms underlying TBEV pathogenesis and host interactions can offer valuable insights for devel-oping novel therapeutics and preventive measures. This comprehensive review aims to consoli-date recent research findings and enhance our understanding of TBEV, ultimately contributing to improved public health interventions and patient outcomes.