The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of technical and core stability parameters on rowing ergometer performance defined as mean power at the handle. Twenty-four high-level rowers were evaluated at their competitive stroke rate on an instrumented RowPerfect 3 ergometer to determine leg, trunk and arm power output, while trunk and pelvis 3D kinematics were measured. Linear mixed models revealed that mean power at the handle was predicted by the power output of legs, trunk and arms (r² = 0.99), with trunk power being the best predictor. Time to peak power, work ratio and mean to peak power ratio were relevant technical parameters significantly predicting the different segments' power. In addition, a greater trunk range of motion significantly influenced the power produced by this segment. Accordingly, achieving an earlier peak power together with enhanced work production at the trunk and arm levels, as well as distributing the segments power over the whole drive phase, could serve as recommendations for technical training of rowers on dynamic ergometers in order to produce higher power output. Furthermore, the trunk appears to play a major role as a power producer within the kinetic chain from the legs to the arms.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of stroke rate on performance, technique and core stability during rowing ergometer. Twenty-four high-level rowers performed maximal intensity one-minute bouts at 20, 28 and 34 spm on a RowPerfect3 ergometer. Power at the handle, legs, trunk and arms levels were determined, and core kinematics and neuromuscular activations were measured. The power at the handle was enhanced with a higher stroke rate in the first half of the drive phase due to higher segment's powers. This resulted in technical changes, as for instance greater mean to peak power ratio at each segment level. The higher trunk power preceded a delayed trunk extension but without significant increase in the erector spinae activation. This underlines the role of the core stability to transfer forces at a higher stroke rate. However, no co-activation parameters between trunk flexors and extensors helped further to understand this force transfer. Rowing at low stroke rate can be a training strategy to work on earlier trunk extension, while maintaining erectors spinae levels of activation. Training at higher stroke rate will induce a rowing technique closer to competition with greater neuromuscular activations, and maximise power production.

Rowing is a complex sport where technique can significantly impact performance. A better understanding of the rowers’ technique and neuromuscular activations during scull rowing, along with their impact on rowing performance, could greatly help trainers and athletes. Twelve male rowers were asked to row at their competitive stroke rate, and we collected data describing neuromuscular activations, trunk and arm kinematics, as well as technical determinants such as oar angles and angle asymmetries. We fitted linear mixed-effect models to investigate the effects of these variables on power production and boat speed. A larger effective angle had the greatest positive effect on power output, and slip angles had the largest negative effects. Increased elbow flexion at catch had the greatest negative effect on speed. Angle asymmetries affected neither power nor speed. Increased upper limb neuromuscular activity during the first and third quarters of the drive phase helped reduce slip angles, thus increasing performance. Power and speed were influenced similarly by the predictor variables. Still, they showed subtle differences, indicating that the strategies to maximize power production might not be the best ones to also achieve the maximum speed.

Soccer athletic performance varies across a soccer season due to training and fatigue. In addition, it is known that core stability is linked with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk but their variations over a season are unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the evolution of core stability, athletic performance, and ACL injury risk among young high-level soccer players at four key moments of a season: pre-season (PRE), start of season (START), mid-season (MID), and the end of the season (END). Core stability scores increased until mid-season, while ACL injury risk scores (measured during sidestep cuttings and single-leg landing) decreased thanks to an injury prevention program between START and MID. These results are in line with the literature, which demonstrates that a high level of core stability is linked to a low injury risk. Evolution of athletic performance was not consistent throughout the season, being dependent on the specific phases of training performed by the athletes. Therefore, assessing core stability, athletic performance, and ACL injury risk multiple times across a soccer season could help coaches to adapt their training programs properly.

Analyzing performance in rowing, e.g., analyzing force and power output profiles produced either on ergometer or on boat, is a priority for trainers and athletes. The current state-of-the-art methodologies for rowing performance analysis involve the installation of dedicated instrumented equipment, with the most commonly employed systems being PowerLine and BioRow. This procedure can be both expensive and time-consuming, thus limiting trainers’ ability to monitor athletes. In this study, we developed an easier-to-install and cheaper method for estimating rowers’ forces and powers based only on cable position sensors for ergometer rowing and inertial measurement units (IMUs) and GPS for scull rowing. We used data from 12 and 11 rowers on ergometer and on boat, respectively, to train a long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The LSTM was able to reconstruct the forces and power at the gate with an overall mean absolute error of less than 5%. The reconstructed forces and power were able to reveal inter-subject differences in technique, with an accuracy of 93%. Performing leave-one-out validation showed a significant increase in error, confirming that more subjects are needed in order to develop a tool that could be generalizable to external athletes.