A detailed study of the evolution of the magnetoresistance was performed on electrodeposited Co/Cu multilayers with Cu-layer thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 nm. For thin Cu layers (up to 1.5 nm), anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) was observed, whereas multilayers with thicker Cu layers exhibited clear giant magnetoresistance (GMR) behavior. The GMR magnitude increased up to about 3.5–4 nm Cu-layer thickness and slightly decreased afterward. According to magnetic measurements, all samples exhibited ferromagnetic (FM) behavior. The relative remanence turned out to be about 0.75 for both AMR- and GMR-type multilayers. This clearly indicates the absence of an antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling between adjacent magnetic layers for Cu layers even above 1.5 nm where the GMR effect occurs. The AMR behavior at low spacer thicknesses indicates the presence of strong FM coupling (due to, e.g., pinholes in the spacer and/or areas of the Cu layer where the layer thickness is very small). With increasing spacer thickness, the pinhole density reduces and/or the layer thickness uniformity improves, which both lead to a weakening of the FM coupling. This improvement in multilayer structure quality results in a better separation of magnetic layers and the weaker coupling (or complete absence of interlayer coupling) enables a more random magnetization orientation of adjacent layers, all this leading to an increase in the GMR. Coercive field and zero-field resistivity measurements as well as the results of a structural study reported earlier on the same multilayers provide independent evidence for the microstructural features established here. A critical analysis of former results on electrodeposited Co/Cu multilayers suggests the absence of an oscillating GMR in these systems. It is pointed out that the large GMR reported previously on such Co/Cu multilayers at Cu-layer thicknesses of around 1 nm can be attributed to the presence of a fairly large superparamagnetic (SPM) fraction rather than being due to a strong AF coupling. In the absence of SPM regions as in the present study, AMR only occurs at low spacer thicknesses due to the dominating FM coupling.

The spin-glass and the ferromagnetic transitions of amorphous ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{100\mathrm{-}\mathit{x}}$ ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{\mathit{x}}$ (7≤x≤12) alloys in a small applied field (13 mT) were investigated by use of ${}_{}{}^{57}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Fe}$ Mössbauer spectroscopy. The observed linewidth increase over a wide (≊30 K) temperature range both below and above the transition temperature gives clear evidence of a magnetic relaxation.

Nanocrystalline $({\mathrm{Fe}}_{\text{1−x}}{\mathrm{Co}}_x{)}_{90}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{\mathrm{7}}{\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{2}}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathrm{1}}\text{\hspace{0.05em}(0⩽x⩽0.6)}$ alloys were investigated by x-ray diffraction, ${}^{\mathrm{57}}\mathrm{Fe}$ Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The grain size did not change significantly with composition. Co was preferentially partitioned to the residual amorphous phase, and the bcc grains were accordingly enriched by Fe. The room-temperature coercive field increased with the Co addition, which is attributed to the increasing magnetostriction constant.

In polar magnets, such as GaV₄S₈, GaV₄Se₈ and VOSe₂O₅, modulated magnetic phases namely the cycloidal and the Néel-type skyrmion lattice states were identified over extended temperature ranges, even down to zero Kelvin. Our combined small-angle neutron scattering and magnetization study shows the robustness of the Néel-type magnetic modulations also against magnetic fields up to 2 T in the polar GaMo₄S₈. In addition to the large upper critical field, enhanced spin-orbit coupling stabilize cycloidal, Néel skyrmion lattice phases with sub-10 nm periodicity and a peculiar distribution of the magnetic modulation vectors. Moreover, we detected an additional single-q state not observed in any other polar magnets. Thus, our work demonstrates that non-centrosymmetric magnets with 4d and 5d electron systems may give rise to various highly compressed modulated states.