Prof. Dr. Satoshi Hayakawa graduated Nihon University School of Medicine and obtained an M.D. in 1983. After 3 years clinical training in Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, he studied reproductive genetics with the late Dr. Susumu Ohno and molecular immunology with the late Dr. Takeshi Matsunaga at the Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Medical Center, California, from 1985 to 1986. Returning to Japan, he obtained his PhD. from Nihon University and has studied at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology in Nihon University, in addition to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases. Since 2007, he has been a professor of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Control and Clinical Immunology. He has a wide range of research interests such as mucosal immunity in female reproductive organs, cancer immunology, evolutionary medicine, as well as the pathography of famous musicians, artists and monarchs. For the first time, he discovered extra-thymic T cell differentiation in human decidual tissues and characterized their regulatory nature. For the past few years, he has concentrated on the research of the mechanisms of vertical HIV transmission and involvement of local immune systems as well as the molecular epidemiology of paediatric viral infections and the mass immune status of south east Asian children.