This study developed and implemented a LiFePO₄ battery pack (LBP) rapid charger. Using the three-terminal switch and partnership for a new generation of vehicles (PNGV) battery models, this study could obtain a small-signal system matrix to derive transfer functions and further analyze frequency responses for the charge voltage and current loops; therefore, both voltage and current feedback controllers could be designed to fulfill the constant-voltage (CV) and constant-current (CC) charges. To address practical applications, the proposed equivalent model also considered the wire resistance-inductance of the power cable. According to the derived high-order transfer function, the pole-zero break frequency in the Bode plot was observed that approximated the practical measurement; therefore, the pole-zero compensation could be accomplished for both charge loop requirements. Moreover, the design features for implementing the CV and CC charges are presented in detail herein, and the current overshoot during the start-up phase could be mitigated using the method of zero break frequency shifting and a novel proportional shifting proportional-integral control. The LBP parameter estimations, model construction processes, and frequency response analyses are also presented. The feedback compensation design based on the proposed model was validated through simulations and experiments. The results were determined to be in excellent agreement with theoretical derivations.

In this study, the feedback controllers were designed and implemented to fulfill the constant-voltage (CV) and constant-current (CC) output modes for a power converter. This converter's power stage was composed of a stand-by power, power factor corrector, and DC-DC converter. The topology used by the DC-DC converter was a phase-shifted full-bridge with a parallel current-doubler rectification converter (PSFB-PCDRC). To design the feedback controllers for the PSFB-PCDRC CV and CC operations, the PSFB-PCDRC small-signal model was established and employed to analyze frequency responses. Moreover, the three-terminal switch model and state-space representation were used, therefore, the PSFB-PCDRC transfer function was available to be acquired for the Bode plot simulation and analyzing. According to practical measurements, the derivation of small-signal model and loop compensative parameters could be approved. Simulations and experimental results corresponded to the anticipated results of theory, demonstrating the validity of proposed design.

High-optical-output-power laser diodes (HOO-PLDs) are a new option for the next-generation vehicle headlights. This paper develops a laser headlight driver (LHD) combining a safety standard circuit, dc-dc converter, and feedback controller. The dc-dc converter topology is a two-switch two-diode buck-boost converter (TSTDBBC), which could be operated in both step-up or step-down conversion modes for variable battery voltage input to the LHD, enabling the driving voltage and current of the HOOPLD to be obtained from the TSTDBBC output. Because the operating ambient temperature (OAT) can cause forward voltage drift in the HOOPLD, the feedback controller could be used to stabilize the driving current to cope with forward voltage drift. Moreover, in the start-up phase, a current overshoot occurs when the TSTDBBC operation changes from the constant-voltage output mode to the constant-current output mode. This can be further aggravated when HOOPLDs operate under a high OAT. Therefore, proportional switching proportional-integral control technology was applied to the current-feedback controller to depress the current overshoot, enabling the driving current of the HOOPLDs to be maintained at the rated specification to ensure operating lifespan. Complete design procedures are presented. Simulations and experimental results validate that the proposed control technology is effective for solving the ignition problem.

A high-power laser diode driving controller (HPLDDC), which incorporates the power converter with the feedback controller, was developed and implemented in this paper. The synchronous buck–boost converter (SBBC) was the topology of the power converter; the SBBC could be operated in step-up or step-down mode in accordance with variable on-board battery voltage inputs into the HPLDDC. Moreover, the feedback controllers were equipped with a current-loop controller (CLC) and a voltage-loop controller (VLC); the VLC was employed to regulate the SBBC output voltage to drive and start-up the high-power laser diode (HPLD). The CLC was used to regulate the SBBC output current to supply a constant-current driving the HPLDs. During the start-up transient phase, when the SBBC output mode is changed from the constant-voltage to the constant-current, a start-up current spike occurs that can destroy the semiconductor material of the laser diode. However, few studies have discussed methods of coping with this problem. Therefore, this study proposed a proportional-integral associating proportional (PIAP) control technology, which can be applied to the CLC for the start-up current spike mitigation. Complete designs and analyses are presented in this paper. Simulations and experiments validate that the PIAP control method is effectual to solve the start-up current spike.