Is T-Wave Alternans a Repolarization Abnormality Marker in COVID-19? An Investigation on the Potentialities of Portable Electrocardiogram Device

Background: Prediabetes is defined by blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. Environmental factors associated with diabetes may contribute to its development through alterations in the gut microbiota. Recent studies suggest that changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders.Objective: This study aims to systematically examine taxonomic abundance and its implications in the gut microbiota of individuals with prediabetes, identify key dysbiotic patterns, and explore their potential role in inflammation, insulin resistance, and progression to type 2 diabetes.Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines. The review included sources from PubMed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Scopus. We retrieved original research articles published in English that focused on prediabetes and gut microbiota from 2015 to the date of our search. Out of 827 full-text articles screened, 6 were selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in prediabetes is characterized by a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia, along with an increase in potentially harmful taxa such as Escherichia/Shigella and Prevotella species. This imbalance is associated with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, evidenced by elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP). Increased intestinal permeability facilitates the translocation of bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), further linking gut microbiota changes to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.Conclusion: This review highlights the need for further research to explore the potential therapeutic role of gut microbiota in prediabetes.Systematic Review Registration: Prospero; Identifier CRD42025637369.

(1) Background: Prediabetes represents reversible glycemic abnormalities between normal glucose regulation and diabetes. Indonesia has a high burden of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the impact of lifestyle changes on prediabetes and diabetes in rural and urban populations. (2) Methods: This is a repeated cross-sectional study, and data were obtained from Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) in 2013 and 2018. (3) Results: The study found that urban populations who ate >3 days/week of vegetables had a lower proportion of prediabetes and diabetes. Rural populations with 2 days/week of vegetable consumption had a higher risk of prediabetes in 2018. From 2013 to 2018, urban and rural populations consumed excessive amounts of sweet food/drink, salty food, fatty/cholesterol/fried food, and meat/chicken/fish-based food with preservatives. In 2018, urban and rural populations who consumed sweet food/drink more than once daily had a higher risk of prediabetes and diabetes. The prevalence of active physical activity declined in normoglycemic individuals, while it increased in prediabetes and diabetes in urban and rural areas. In 2013, physical activity was a protective factor for prediabetes. (4) Conclusions: Lifestyle changes impacted prediabetes and diabetes prevalence. Further research is needed to promote healthy diets and lifestyle modifications.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are immune components found in a variety of pathological states. It has been shown to have either beneficial or harmful implications, depending on how it is controlled and has been particularly observed in three major scenarios: infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In this article, we compiled some of the roles of NETs in pathological conditions, as well as the benefits of targeting them for improved patient outcomes. The role of NETs were primarily positive in infectious disease, whether caused by bacteria, virus, or fungal infection. In non-infectious inflammatory scenarios, on the other hand, it's the complete opposite, with the effects being mainly deleterious and even worse than the original disease states. Targeting NETs directly or indirectly may help to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. A plethora of compounds, including immunomodulators, anti-thrombosis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors, nuclease, and other compounds, may be used to accomplish the therapeutic goals.

Introduction: Obesity is associated with concomitant chronic conditions. An early metabolic consequence of obesity is disruption of glucose and insulin homeostasis. One of the consequences is impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Visceral fat is metabolically more harmful than subcutaneous fat, but few information is available regarding the association between the risk of abnormal glucose in increased waist circumference. Methods: This study is based on a cross sectional of 1,381 population-based from Palembang, Indonesia. The eligibility requirements subject were to be older than 18 and consent to taking fasting glucose and lipid profile tests as well as physical exams measuring their body weight, height, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and waist circumference. Results: The number of subjects consisting of 798 noncentral obesity with normoglycemia, 376 central obesity with normoglycemia, and 207 central obesity with concomitant IFG. The prevalence central obesity with concomitant IFG was 35.51%. In subjects with central obesity, there were significant differences in proportions based on sex, age, marital status, education, and occupation. In multivariate analysis show that the risk factors that contribute to having a significant association with central obesity with concomitant IFG are sex (female), age (>40 years), blood pressure (hypertension), and HDL-C <50 mg/dL (p<0.001). The analysis also founded that there was a significant difference in the dietary pattern of sweet foods (p = 0.018), sweet drinks (p = 0.002), soft drinks (p = 0.001) and smoking habit (p6 times/week. Conclusion: The prevalence of central obesity with IFG is quite high. There are significant differences in the characteristics, lipid profile, blood pressure, dietary pattern, and smoking habit of central obesity with concomitant IFG was confirmed in this population-based observational study.