Significance: Bone fracture represents a significant problem in public health. State-of-the-art clinical study demonstrated that by correlating the stimulation amplitude and frequency directly to dynamic locomotion, biofeedback electrostimulation therapy is particularly effective compared to conventional continuous electrostimulation for postoperative therapy and rehabilitation after musculoskeletal injury. However, implementation of biofeedback still relies on complex electronics and sensing systems, which largely limits its accessibility to patients. Here we developed a self-powered implantable and bioresorbable device that directly applies biofeedback electrostimulations to the treatment of bone fracture. The electrostimulation signals are generated solely from relevant body motions, providing a closed-loop biofeedback therapy bringing rapid healing to fractures. This device is self-responsive, battery free, and requires no surgical removal after fulfilling the biomedical intervention.

Mechanical regulation and electric stimulation hold great promise in skin tissue engineering for manipulating wound healing. However, the complexity of equipment operation and stimulation implementation remains an ongoing challenge in clinical applications. Here, we propose a programmable and skin temperature–activated electromechanical synergistic wound dressing composed of a shape memory alloy-based mechanical metamaterial for wound contraction and an antibacterial electret thin film for electric field generation. This strategy is successfully demonstrated on rats to achieve effective wound healing in as short as 4 and 8 days for linear and circular wounds, respectively, with a statistically significant over 50% improvement in wound closure rate versus the blank control group. The optimally designed electromechanical synergistic stimulation could regulate the wound microenvironment to accelerate healing metabolism, promote wound closure, and inhibit infection. This work provided an effective wound healing strategy in the context of a programmable temperature-responsive, battery-free electromechanical synergistic biomedical device.

The cornea is a tissue susceptible to various injuries and traumas with a complicated cascade repair process, in which conserving its integrity and clarity is critical to restoring visual function. Enhancing the endogenous electric field is recognized as an effective method of accelerating corneal injury repair. However, current equipment limitations and implementation complexities hinder its widespread adoption. Here, we propose a snowflake-inspired, blink-driven flexible piezoelectric contact lens that can convert mechanical blink motions into a unidirectional pulsed electric field for direct application to moderate corneal injury repair. The device is validated on mouse and rabbit models with different relative corneal alkali burn ratios to modulate the microenvironment, alleviate stromal fibrosis, promote orderly epithelial arrangement and differentiation, and restore corneal clarity. Within an 8-day intervention, the corneal clarity of mice and rabbits improves by more than 50%, and the repair rate of mouse and rabbit corneas increases by over 52%. Mechanistically, the device intervention is advantageous in blocking growth factors’ signaling pathways specifically involved in stromal fibrosis whilst preserving and harnessing the signaling pathways required for indispensable epithelial metabolism. This work put forward an efficient and orderly corneal therapeutic technology utilizing artificial endogenous-strengthened signals generated by spontaneous body activities.

Empowering the reconfigurable metasurfaces (RM) with the capability to be mechanically deformable highlights the possibility to manipulate the electromagnetic (EM) wave across arbitrary surfaces. Such ambition is hampered by the absence of adaptivity to shape variation in current programming strategies for RM. Herein, we present a flexible intelligent surface platform (FISP) as a solution to achieve flexible RM with highly stable performance under dynamic deformation. The geometry acquisition module in FISP enables real-time awareness of RM’s deformation with the conformal sensor array. By merging the actual shape of flexible RM into the input of the adaptive algorithm driven by the artificial neural network, the deformed flexible RM in FISP can be autonomously encoded by the bias voltage supply module to ensure robust performance under various deformation conditions. The versatility of FISP in manipulating EM waves is demonstrated by its applications in electromagnetic illusion, carpet cloaking, and data transmission, illustrating the prospects for seamlessly integrating flexible electronics and RM in the development of future EM metasurfaces.

As a non-invasive innovative diagnosis platform, advanced flexible contact lenses can dynamically monitor vital ocular indicators, spot abnormalities and provide biofeedback guidance for real-time diagnosis and rehabilitation tracking of chronic eye diseases. However, most of the state-of-the-art reported contact lenses either can only monitor a single indicator at a time or realize multifunctional integration based on multiple materials. Herein, we developed a flexible multifunctional contact lens based on inorganic γ-Fe₂O₃@NiO magnetic oxide nanosheets, which can be attached conformally and seamlessly to the eyeball to simultaneously monitor glucose level in tears, eyeball movement, and intraocular pressure. The optimized contact lens has a reliable glucose detection limit (0.43 μmol), superior eye movement measurement accuracy (95.27%) and high intraocular pressure sensitivity (0.17 MHz mmHg^− 1). This work presents a concept in the biochemical and biophysical integrated sensing of ocular signals using contact lens via an innovative material, and provides a personalized and efficient way for health management. Graphical Abstract