Pigmented rice varieties are abundant in phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds are modified in the gastrointestinal tract. After in vitro simulated digestion, changes in antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) in purple rice brans (Hom Nil and Riceberry) were compared with undigested crude extracts. The digestion method was conducted following the INFOGEST protocol. Antioxidant activity was determined using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assays. The bioaccessibility index (BI) was calculated from the ratio of digested to undigested soluble phenolic content. Overall results showed that the in vitro simulated digested rice brans had lower antioxidant activity and lower total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents. However, the concentration of sinapic acid was stable, while other phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic, ρ-coumaric, and ferulic acids) degraded after the oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. The BI of sinapic, gallic, vanillic, and ferulic acids remained stable, and the BI of quercetin was resistant to digestion. Conversely, anthocyanins degraded during the intestinal phase. In conclusion, selective phenolic compounds are lost along the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that controlled food delivery is of further interest.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are critical factors in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, is enriched with bioactive compounds during fermentation. This study evaluated the antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of kombucha made from mulberry leaf green tea (MLGT) and black tea (MLBT) during in vitro digestion. The bioaccessibility of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), phenolics, and flavonoids was assessed through simulated oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. MLGT kombucha exhibited higher initial antioxidant activity, while MLBT showed greater compound stability and ACE inhibitory activity during digestion. Notably, α-glucosidase inhibition declined significantly in the intestinal phase, in parallel with reduced DNJ and flavonoid content. Strong correlations were observed between specific phenolic acids and bioactivity profiles, highlighting ρ-coumaric and sinapic acids in ACE inhibition and DNJ in antiglycemic activity. These findings demonstrate the functional potential of mulberry leaf kombucha as a beverage to support metabolic health, pending confirmation through in vivo studies.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from plants has several bioactivities, such as neurotransmission, anti-cancer cell proliferation, and blood pressure control. Its bioactivities vary when exposed to pH, heat, and ultraviolet. This study analyzed the protective effect of the GABA encapsulation technique using gum arabic (GA) and maltodextrin (MD) and the freeze-drying method. The impact of different ratios of the wall material GA and MD on morphology, GABA content, antioxidant activity, encapsulation efficiency, process yield, and physical properties were analyzed. Results showed that the structure of encapsulated GABA powder was similar to broken glass pieces of various sizes and irregular shapes. The highest GABA content and encapsulation efficiency were, respectively, 90.77 mg/g and 84.36% when using the wall material GA:MD ratio of 2:2. The encapsulated powder’s antioxidant activity was 1.09–1.80 g of encapsulation powder for each formula, which showed no significant difference. GA and MD as the wall material in a 2:2 (w/w) ratio showed the lowest bulk density. The high amount of MD showed the highest Hausner ratio (HR), and Carr’s index (CI) showed high encapsulation efficiency and process yield. The stability of encapsulated GABA powder can be kept in clear glass with a screw cap at 35 °C for 42 days compared to the non-encapsulated one, which can be preserved for only 18 days under the same condition. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the freeze-drying process for GABA encapsulation preserved GABA component extracts from brown rice while increasing its potential beneficial properties. Using a wall material GA:MD ratio of 2:2 resulted in the maximum GABA content, solubility, and encapsulation efficiency while having the lowest bulk density.

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the Mental Health Status and the relationship between socioeconomic background and mean scores of mental health variables among Caregivers (CG) in Maha Sarakham province, Northeast of Thailand. A total of 402 CGs were recruited from 32 sub-districts in 13 districts to participate with interviewing form. Data analysing used descriptive statistics and Chi-square test for the relationship of the socioeconomic and the level of mental health status of caregivers. The results shown that; 99.77% were female, age average 49.89+8.14 (range 23-75), spent time look after the elderly for average 3 days per week, worked experience for 1-4 years (mean=3.27+1.66 years). Over 59 % have lower income than 150 USD. The gender of CG was a mainly statistically significant with the mental health status (MHS) (p=0.003). Although, the other variables were not significantly statistics test, however, it found that all variables indicated in the poor level of mental health status. Therefore, the stakeholders who involves with CG should have concern to reduce their burnout, regardless of compensation as well as set up the potential of family caregivers or young carers to help the elderly in the community.

This study explored the use of machine learning (ML) models for cardiovascular risk stratification in an elderly Thai population. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in 210 hypertensive adults aged 60 years and older, using age, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index as predictors. Model performance was assessed through 5-fold cross-validation, with the random forest model showing the best overall performance (accuracy = 67.14 ± 10.47%, F1-score = 0.57).

Wolffia globosa (watermeal) is a potential plant-based food ingredient. This study characterized its nutritional and physicochemical properties, elemental levels, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical-scavenging activity, IL-6 production in H₂O₂-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, and preliminary cell-viability responses. On a dry-weight basis, the tested W. globosa sample contained 25.83% protein, 4.56% fat, 16.58% ash, 8.80% crude fiber, and 44.22% carbohydrate. Arsenic and zinc were detected below their limits of quantification, whereas cadmium, copper, and lead were below their method detection limits. All analytical reporting limits were below the corresponding EFSA specification values. The extract had TPC and TFC values of 0.85 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g sample DW and 0.52 ± 0.02 mg QE/g sample DW, respectively, and showed weak DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 7.58 ± 0.32 mg DW-equivalent/mL). At 0.1 mg DW-equivalent/mL, the H₂O₂-stimulated extract-treated group showed a lower IL-6 concentration than the H₂O₂-stimulated extract-free model control. Weak reductions in cancer-cell viability occurred only at high concentrations (IC₅₀ values of approximately 38–42 mg DW-equivalent/mL). The biological findings remain preliminary. Overall, the tested sample showed promising nutritional and physicochemical characteristics, low selected-elements levels, and preliminary in vitro responses.