Lithofacies classification and identification are of great significance in the exploration and evaluation of tight sandstone reservoirs. Existing methods of lithofacies identification in tight sandstone reservoirs face issues such as lengthy manual classification, strong subjectivity of identification, and insufficient sample datasets, which make it challenging to analyze the lithofacies characteristics of these reservoirs during oil and gas exploration. In this paper, the Fuyu oil formation in the Songliao Basin is selected as the target area, and an intelligent method for recognizing the lithophysics reservoirs in tight sandstone based on hybrid multilayer perceptron (MLP) and multivariate time series (MTS-Mixers) is proposed. Firstly, appropriate logging curve parameters are selected based on the contribution rate as the basis of the lithofacies intelligent discrimination. Second, preprocessing operations are performed on the logging dataset to ensure the quality of the experimental data. Finally, the MLP-MTS hybrid intelligent model is constructed by combining the powerful information extraction and classification recognition capabilities of the MLP and MTS models to complete the intelligent recognition of the petrography of tight sandstone reservoirs. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition efficiency of MLP-MTS model for all kinds of lithofacies phases is more than 90%, which verifies the good applicability of deep learning model in solving the process of lithofacies phase recognition in reservoirs.

Reservoir evaluation is essential in oil and gas exploration, influencing development decisions. Traditional classification methods are often limited by small sample sizes and low accuracy, restricting their effectiveness. To address this, we propose an intelligent classification method, GA-XGBoost, which integrates Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to enhance the classification accuracy in small-sample scenarios. The lithological, physical, and lithofacies characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs are analyzed, and key evaluation parameters—including the mineral composition, porosity, permeability, oil saturation, and logging data (GR, SP, CAL, DEN, AC, LLS)—are selected. After data normalization, the GA-XGBoost model is developed and compared with SVM, XGBoost, and AdaBoost models. The experimental results demonstrate that GA-XGBoost achieves an 88.8% classification precision, outperforming traditional algorithms in both efficiency and accuracy. This study advances experiments on and the standardization of intelligent reservoir evaluations, providing a more reliable classification approach for tight sandstone reservoirs. Additionally, it contributes to the integration of geological exploration and computational intelligence, offering new insights into the application of machine learning in geosciences.