Background: Cadaveric dissection has long been a cornerstone of anatomy education, offering unparalleled hands-on experience that fosters both intellectual and emotional growth in medical students. It plays a crucial role in shaping professional identity while enhancing anatomical understanding. However, the emergence of digital platforms, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and 3D modeling, presents new opportunities to transform anatomy education. Objectives: This study explores the perceptions of medical and health sciences students at Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU) regarding the integration of digital tools alongside traditional cadaveric dissection. By comparing attitudes toward these approaches, the study aims to identify strategies like using 3D models, animations, and interactive apps to familiarize students with anatomical structures before entering the dissection lab for harmonizing traditional and digital learning methods to optimize anatomy education. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over seven months using an anonymous, structured 20-item questionnaire administered to 454 students from various health disciplines at Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University. A convenience sampling method was used. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic data, attitudes toward cadaveric dissection, its significance in practical learning, comparisons with digital resources, and its role in professional development. Institutional approval was obtained, and informed written consent was secured from all participants before the study commenced. Results: Medical students expressed significantly stronger support for cadaveric dissection compared to allied health students, particularly regarding emotional engagement (p < 0.05), perceived educational value (p < 0.001), and comfort with handling cadavers (p < 0.001). While both groups acknowledged the benefits of digital resources, medical students reported greater improvements in visualization, confidence, and interactive learning (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Cadaveric dissection remains an essential pillar of anatomy education, offering irreplaceable benefits in anatomical comprehension and psychomotor skill development. This study highlights its role in fostering professional attributes while demonstrating that digital platforms serve as valuable complementary tools. Rather than replacing cadaveric dissection, these digital innovations enhance learning by creating a synergistic educational environment.

Beta thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that results in inefficient erythropoiesis due to genetic mutation that leads to the reduction or absence of the hemoglobin beta-globulin protein. Approximately 8.5% of UAE residents suffer from β-thalassemia, a significant health and financial problem. The treatment options available for β-Thalassemia major are limited and associated with a wide range of complications. β-thalassemia gene therapy is emerging as a potential novel treatment option that eliminates the complications caused by the current long-term treatment modalities and the associated economic burden. This paper reviews the scientific literature related to emerging gene therapy for β-Thalassemia by analyzing all the articles published from January 2010 to December 2023 in the English language on Databases like PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and CINAHL. The use of gene therapy has demonstrated promising outcomes for a permanent cure of β-Thalassemia. To conclude, gene therapy is an innovative solution. It demonstrates a promising future, but does come with its own setbacks and is something that must be tackled in order to revolutionize it in the medical world. FDA-approved ZYNTEGLO is a potentially one-time curative treatment for β-Thalassemia. Although cutting-edge, its use is limited because of the high cost—a price of USD 2.8 million per patient.

Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) encompass a spectrum of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic cell growth, ranging from benign molar pregnancies to malignant trophoblastic neoplasms. This systematic review explores the molecular underpinnings of GTDs, focusing on genetic and epigenetic factors that influence disease progression and clinical outcomes. Based on 71 studies identified through systematic search and selection criteria, key findings include dysregulations in tumor suppressor genes such as p53, aberrant apoptotic pathways involving BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma), and altered expression of growth factor receptors and microRNAs (micro-ribose nucleic acid). These molecular alterations not only differentiate molar pregnancies from normal placental development but also contribute to their clinical behavior, from benign moles to potentially malignant forms. The review synthesizes insights from immunohistochemical studies and molecular analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of GTD pathogenesis and implications for personalized care strategies.

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections are common in children and represent a significant cause of antibiotic abuse. Parents’ knowledge and attitudes often contribute to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics and promoting antibiotics resistance. The study aimed at exploring parental knowledge, attitudes and practices towards antibiotic use in children with URTI along with identifying the reasons behind self-medication and abuse of antibiotics Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted at pediatric outpatient clinics of Saqr Hospital in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah,United Arab Emirates A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data from 239 parents of children aged less than7 years, between February to March 2016 Results: More than half (54.4%) of the respondents had a poor level of knowledge. About (66.1%) were not aware that antibiotics are indicated to treat bacterial infection. However, 67.2 % of the respondents incorrectly identified that antibiotics are used to treat viral infections. Nearly 44.5 % of the respondents were aware of antibiotic resistance in relation to its overuse. With regard to attitude, 68.2% of the respondents believed that they would be satisfied if physicians did not prescribe antibiotics for common cold. Yet, 63% would request it if physicians did not prescribefor frequent URTIs. Nearly 43.5% of respondents gave self-medication to their children mostly because of repeated similar attacks and over the counter acquisition of antibiotics. Most (82.2%) of them declared that, physicians did not provide sufficient information regarding diagnosis and therapy More than half (54.4%) of the respondents had a poor level of knowledge. About (66.1%) were not aware that antibiotics are indicated to treat bacterial infection. However, 67.2 % of the respondents incorrectly identified that antibiotics are used to treat viral infections. Nearly 44.5 % of the respondents were aware of antibiotic resistance in relation to its overuse. With regard to attitude, 68.2% of the respondents believed that they would be satisfied if physicians did not prescribe antibiotics for common cold. Yet, 63% would request it if physicians did not prescribe for frequent URTIs. Nearly 43.5% of respondents gave selfmedicationto their children mostly because of repeated similar attacks and over the counter acquisition of antibiotics. Most (82.2%) of them declared that, physicians did not provide sufficient information regarding diagnosis and therapy Conclusions: Educational programs are needed to raise awareness and correct expectations about judicious use of antibiotics

Despite the effectiveness of insulin injections in managing hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), they fall short in addressing autoimmunity and regenerating damaged islets. This review aims to explore the potential and prospects of emerging treatment modalities for T1DM, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MSC-derived exosomes, gene therapy, islet allotransplantation, pancreatic islet cell transplantation, and teplizumab. We review emerging treatment modalities for T1DM, highlighting several promising strategies with varied mechanisms and outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate potential in modulating the immune response and preserving or restoring beta-cell function, although variability in sources and administration routes necessitates further standardization. Similarly, MSC-derived exosomes show promise in promoting beta-cell regeneration and immune regulation, supported by early-stage studies showing improved glucose homeostasis in animal models, albeit with limited clinical data. Gene therapy, utilizing techniques like CRISPR-Cas9, offers targeted correction of genetic defects and immune modulation; however, challenges in precise delivery and ensuring long-term safety persist. Islet allotransplantation and pancreatic islet cell transplantation have achieved some success in restoring insulin independence, yet challenges such as donor scarcity and immunosuppression-related complications remain significant. Teplizumab, an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated potential in delaying T1DM onset by modulating immune responses and preserving beta-cell function, with clinical trials indicating prolonged insulin production capability. Despite significant progress, standardization, long-term efficacy, and safety continue to pose challenges across these modalities. Conclusion: While these therapies demonstrate significant potential, challenges persist. Future research should prioritize optimizing these treatments and validating them through extensive clinical trials to enhance T1DM management and improve patient outcomes.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge that threatens the effective prevention and treatment of infections. It arises from increasing resistance rates, limited diagnostic capacity, inappropriate antimicrobial use, and a declining pipeline of new antibiotics. These challenges highlight the need for innovative approaches to complement existing AMR control strategies. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a valuable tool to address the complexity and scale of AMR. This narrative review examines how AI can be more effectively integrated into key components of AMR management. By analysing large clinical and laboratory datasets, AI-based surveillance and predictive models enable near real-time monitoring of resistance patterns and early outbreak detection. AI-powered diagnostic tools, including image analysis and genomic methods, improve rapid pathogen identification and prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility. In clinical practice, AI-driven decision support systems strengthen antimicrobial stewardship by optimizing prescribing and monitoring antibiotic use. In addition, deep learning approaches accelerate antimicrobial drug discovery and repurposing, reducing development timelines. AI also enhances the detection and surveillance of resistance genes through genomic and metagenomic analyses across human, animal, and environmental settings. Despite its potential, AI applications in AMR face challenges related to data quality, bias, interoperability, privacy, and clinician adoption. Therefore, AI should be seen as a tool that supports, rather than replaces, existing AMR strategies. When regulated well and integrated within One Health frameworks, AI can strengthen surveillance, improve treatment decisions, and support evidence-based interventions to curb AMR.