Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare inherited disorder, characterised by a progressive mineralization and fragmentation of elastic fibres of the skin, retina and cardiovascular system. At an initial stage, the skin usually exhibits distinctive lesions and subsequently extra-dermal manifestations. The diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, histological analysis of the lesions and genetic analysis. This is a case report of a 12-year-old child complaining of painless, mildly itchy yellow papules in the cervical region with 1 year of evolution. PXE is currently an incurable disease and has a favourable prognosis when cardiovascular and retinal complications are prevented and monitored.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases. The clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) are discussed, with an emphasis on the emerging evidence implicating miRNAs in its etiology and progression. A systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines was performed on the evidence regarding the interplay between miRNAs and TTS. A search of the Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted and resulted in 584 articles. Of these, 14 full-text articles were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative analysis. The reviewed studies suggest that multiple miRNAs are involved in the processes associated with TTS pathophysiology, including acute and chronic myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, microvascular dysfunction, hypertrophy, and, ultimately, maladaptive cardiac remodelling. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of miRNAs in cardiovascular pathophysiology, with a specific focus on their potential roles in TTS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic exploration of the miRNAs involved in TTS and its modulation as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

A previously healthy 74-year-old woman was admitted with vespertine fever, tremors, shivers and loss of appetite within the previous month. Blood tests revealed an elevated C reactive protein serum level. Serologies for infection were negative. Blood cultures grew no organisms. Colonoscopy revealed normal findings. CT showed typical findings of mesenteric panniculitis with infiltration of mesenteric fat that was circumscribed by hyperattenuating capsule and contained enlarged homogenous lymph nodes. The histopathological analysis from mesenterium revealed non-specific signs of chronic inflammation. On institution of prednisolone, the clinical symptoms subsided, and we replaced it with azathioprine after 1 month. After 12 months of therapy, the patient remained asymptomatic, normalised the serological inflammatory markers and repeat CT revealed normal mesenteric fat.

Multiple myeloma (MM) frequently affects kidney function through multiple mechanisms. Nonetheless, some patients develop kidney injury due to other causes. A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with IgG kappa MM developed IgA nephropathy without cast nephropathy. Further studies did not show criteria for MM progression or other causes. This case highlights the need for further investigation of kidney injury in MM patients (such as toxicity of previous drugs, infectious events, or immune-mediated disorders).