Background/Aim: Sex-specific medicine, an emerging field in healthcare, has gained significant recognition and importance in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no valid data on the influence of sex on 5-year overall survival of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing (radio)chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination treatments, using Real-World Data. We hypothesize that sex has a significant impact on 5-year overall survival across different therapy regimens for head and neck cancer. Patients and Methods: Data from head and neck cancer patients treated with different regimens from the TriNetX network were analyzed. Two groups were formed: Cohort I (female) and cohort II (male), which were matched 1:1 with respect to certain confounders. After defining the primary outcome as “death”, a Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed, and the risk ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were calculated. Results: A total of 16,529 patients with OSCC were analyzed. This retrospective case-matched analysis found a tendency for female patients to have a greater 5-year overall survival probability than male patients with respect to the various therapeutic regimens for OSCC. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for more personalized medicine in patients with head and neck cancer due to the limited data available. It is still questionable whether therapies are equally effective in men and women, although, according to the guidelines, the treatments are mostly the same for both sexes.

Aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of different analytical procedures and techniques on the resulting miRNA expression profile in healthy control subjects and tumor patients using the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) model and to demonstrate the technical and biological reproducibility. Body fluids such as saliva are suitable for non -invasive miRNA analysis because ubiquitously circulating miRNA can be found in them. It was technically possible to distinguish between healthy and diseased samples based on the miRNA expression profile found. Regardless of the methodology used, good technical reproducibility of the results seems to be achievable. On the other hand, biological reproducibility was inadequate, which is why prompt sampling and sequencing is recommended. The data indicate that malignant lesions can be detected using miRNA signatures extracted from saliva. This could stimulate further research to establish standardized protocols and kits for sample collection, miRNA extraction, sequencing and interpretation of results.