Day-time variations in boundary layer height effect SW aerosol radiative forcing Relative error in atmospheric forcing values can be as large as 70% L...

Understanding the trends and drivers of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is vital to making effective climate mitigation strategies and benefiting human health. In this study, we investigate carbon dioxide (CO₂) trends in the top three emitting states in the U.S. (i.e., Texas, California, and Florida) using column-averaged CO₂ concentrations (XCO₂) from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) from 2010 to 2022. Annual XCO₂ enhancements are derived by removing regional background values (XCO_{2, enhancement}), and their interannual changes (ΔXCO_{2, enhancement}) are analyzed against key influencing factors, including population, gross domestic product (GDP), nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, and normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI). Overall, interannual changes in socioeconomic factors, particularly GDP and energy consumption, are more strongly correlated with ΔXCO_{2, enhancement} in Florida. In contrast, NDVI and state-specific environmental policies appear to play a more influential role in shaping XCO₂ trends in California and Texas. These differences underscore the importance of regionally tailored approaches to emissions monitoring and mitigation. Although renewable energy use is increasing, CO₂ trends remain primarily influenced by nonrenewable sources, limiting progress toward atmospheric CO₂ reduction.