Prefabricated buildings have a series of advantages such as high efficiency, energy savings, and environmental protection, and are being strongly promoted by the Chinese government. However, due to the late start of prefabricated buildings in China, the installation process of prefabricated components is relatively complex, leading to difficulties in quality and safety control. A novel evaluation methodology integrating the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) with prospect theory and interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (IVPFNs) is proposed. Fully considering the subjective value perceptions of decision-makers when faced with losses and gains, a risk evaluation model is established based on different types of decision-makers. This model is then compared with the weight correction coefficient model from a balanced perspective to prevent bias caused by over-reliance on decision-makers’ subjective preferences. This study establishes an assessment index system for assembly construction risk, considering personnel, materials, machinery, management, and technology factors. By merging prospect theory with the TOPSIS method, the application of Pythagorean fuzzy numbers is refined, enhancing the group decision-making process for evaluating risks in prefabricated construction projects. On the other hand, the prospect theory approach can focus on the actual psychological state of managers during decision-making, addressing the research gap concerning the impact of managers’ psychological states on the evaluation process. The study identifies critical risk factors and suggests specific risk management strategies to improve the risk mitigation capabilities of construction entities, offering a structured approach to enhancing the efficiency and safety of prefabricated construction projects.

As urbanization in China continues to rise, an increasing number of cities are constructing subway tunnels. However, due to the complexity and ambiguity of subway tunnel construction, there is a lack of precise methods to assess the impact of these constructions on surrounding buildings. Consequently, this study analyzes and summarizes past experiences and proposes the IVTSFS-CPT-EDAS model based on the CPT-EDAS evaluation method. This model establishes a risk assessment approach specifically for the impact of subway tunnel construction on existing buildings. The model's process was validated through a real-world case study, including a sensitivity analysis to verify its effectiveness and feasibility. The findings of this study indicate: (1) The IVTSFS-CPT-EDAS model can more comprehensively and delicately replicate the actual decision-making environment, enhancing the accuracy of the model. (2) The analysis of expert evaluations indicates that improper material and equipment configuration, inadequate excavation pressure control, and non-compliance of the stratum solubility coefficient with requirements are the primary risk factors affecting the building. (3) The advantages of the proposed model over other approaches and the accuracy enhancement of the assessment results due to the improvements in the evaluation method were demonstrated through sensitivity analysis and comparative evaluation. This research is expected to provide valuable insights for the scientific management of the impacts of subway tunnel construction on nearby structures.

This study investigates the dynamics of moisture absorption and swelling in soft rock during tunnel excavation, emphasizing the response to support resistance. Utilizing COMSOL numerical simulations, we conduct a comparative analysis of various strength criteria and non-associated flow rules. The results demonstrate that the Mohr–Coulomb criterion combined with the Drucker–Prager model under compressive loads imposes stricter limitations on water absorption and expansion than when paired with the Drucker–Prager model under tensile loads. Restricted rock expansion leads to decreased horizontal displacement and ground uplift, increased displacement in the tunnel’s bottom arch, and significantly reduced displacement in the top arch. The study also considers the effects of shear dilation, burial depth, and support resistance on the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock. Increased shear dilation angles correlate with greater rock expansion, resulting in increased horizontal displacement and ground uplift. The research study concludes that support resistance is critical in limiting the movement of the tunnel’s bottom arch and impacting the stability of the surrounding rock. Additionally, the extent of rock damage during the excavation of expansive soft rock tunnels is found to be minimal. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the processes of soft rock tunnel excavation and contributes to the development of more efficient support systems.

Concrete exposed to sub-zero and elevated temperatures exhibits strongly non-monotonic mechanical behavior governed by different physical mechanisms. Existing thermo-mechanical constitutive models commonly account for temperature-dependent degradation, but many are formulated for a specific temperature regime, and explicit treatment of reversible freezing-induced strengthening and irreversible high-temperature damage within a single constitutive structure remains limited. This study develops a unified thermo-elastoplastic damage model for concrete over the temperature range from −40 to 800 °C within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. Plasticity is formulated in the effective-stress space, while compressive damage is driven by the damage energy release rate. Temperature effects are incorporated through evolution laws for compressive strength, elastic modulus, peak strain, and the shape parameters of the ascending and descending branches. Ice-induced strengthening is represented through reversible modifications of stiffness and strength thresholds, whereas high-temperature dehydration and microcracking are represented through irreversible thermal damage. The model was calibrated using published low-temperature compression data for C30–C50 concrete and complete high-temperature stress–strain curves for normal-strength concrete. The normalized curve-shape laws were subsequently assessed using high-strength concrete curves after normalization by their measured peak stress and peak strain, while selected components of the three-dimensional extension were assessed using residual HSC60 true-triaxial data. The calibrated model represented the freezing-point strength valley, sub-zero strengthening and embrittlement, non-monotonic strength evolution at intermediate temperatures, and progressive high-temperature ductilization. Complete high-temperature normal-strength concrete curves were reproduced with R² values of 0.94–0.99, while the normalized multiaxial strength assessment yielded an average relative error of approximately 8%. These results support the internal consistency of the formulation and the limited cross-strength-grade applicability of the normalized curve-shape laws, rather than unrestricted predictive capability. Further independent experiments are required before application beyond the material, moisture, thermal-history, and loading conditions represented by the available datasets.

Prefabricated construction is increasingly adopted worldwide because of its advantages in sustainability and construction efficiency. Nevertheless, the construction phase still faces substantial and multifaceted risks. These risks are characterized by high uncertainty and strong dependence on the subjective judgments of decision-makers, which may limit the wider promotion and application of prefabricated construction. Existing risk assessment methods often struggle to represent neutral and refusal attitudes in expert evaluations with sufficient precision. They also do not fully account for the psychological and behavioral mechanisms of decision-makers under risk. To address these limitations, this study proposes an integrated evaluation framework that combines interval-valued picture fuzzy sets (IVPFSs), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), and TOPSIS. The decision objective is to rank alternative construction-stage risk-control schemes and identify the relatively important risk factors influencing the ranking results. IVPFSs are used to represent support, opposition, neutrality, and refusal degrees in expert evaluations. CPT is incorporated to capture decision-makers’ risk preferences, reference dependence, and loss-aversion behavior. A comprehensive risk indicator system is developed from five dimensions: personnel, management, technology, environment, and materials/equipment. Attribute weights are determined using a coordinated AHP–entropy weighting scheme to balance subjective expert judgment with objective information contained in the evaluation data. The proposed framework is applied to a prefabricated building project in Shanghai. The results indicate that personnel-related factors, especially the technical proficiency of construction workers, are relatively important risk sources in the examined case. The model also provides a structured ranking of alternative risk-control schemes. Overall, this study offers an exploratory case-based decision-support framework for construction-stage risk management in prefabricated building projects and demonstrates the potential value of incorporating behavioral preferences into fuzzy multi-criteria risk assessment.

Fibre-reinforced concrete exhibits complex deterioration when exposed to elevated temperatures because of physicochemical degradation, moisture migration, thermal incompatibility, pore-pressure development, and progressive cracking. Previous reviews have largely addressed temperature-dependent mechanical properties, residual performance, or spalling behaviour separately, while the connections between fibre-specific thermal mechanisms, residual mechanical performance, cracking and spalling, and hybrid-fibre interactions remain insufficiently integrated. This review addresses this gap through a mechanism-based comparison of concrete reinforced with steel, polypropylene (PP), glass, and hybrid fibres. Relevant peer-reviewed studies were identified through targeted keyword searches covering fibre-reinforced concrete, elevated-temperature exposure, residual mechanical properties, cracking, spalling, and hybrid-fibre effects, and were subsequently synthesised according to fibre type and dominant high-temperature mechanism. Based on this synthesis, distinct fibre-specific functions under elevated-temperature exposure were identified. Steel fibres primarily improve crack bridging, stress transfer, and post-cracking toughness, although their effectiveness decreases as the fibre–matrix interface deteriorates at severe temperatures. PP fibres mainly enhance vapour transport by promoting pore connectivity after thermal softening and melting, thereby reducing pore-pressure accumulation and explosive spalling. Glass fibres can restrain microcrack development and contribute to residual strength within suitable temperature ranges, but their high-temperature performance is more dependent on fibre and matrix characteristics. Hybrid fibre systems, particularly steel–PP combinations, provide complementary benefits by integrating pore-pressure relief with crack control and residual load transfer. The effects of fibre dosage and geometry, matrix properties, heating regime, moisture condition, and restraint are also discussed. The review highlights the need for fibre design strategies that balance spalling resistance, residual strength, stiffness, and post-cracking performance rather than optimizing a single property.