The barrierless α to δ phase transformation is proposed as a possible explanation for the full reversibility of a Mg battery with a V₂O₅ cathode.

Cesium‐based fully inorganic black‐phase (BP) lead halide perovskites (such as α‐, β‐, and γ‐CsPbI₃) with excellent thermal stability and a decently high photovoltaic performance have attracted increasing attention. However, a below 200 °C fabrication process of the desirable BP CsPbI₃ has rarely been reported. Herein, the detailed crystal structure evolution of ambient‐air‐stable BP CsPbI₃ prepared under low temperature conditions is investigated by exploiting the strong coordination bonding between CO in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Pb in CsPbI₃ and inflection effect of PVP under annealing. It is found that ambient‐air‐stable BP CsPbI₃ films are formed and the energy barrier for the long‐term stable BP CsPbI₃ formation is significantly reduced (the required annealing temperature is only 80 °C). After optimization, the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of ≈4.0% and 10.0% are recorded for the 3% PVP‐added devices with light absorbers annealed at 80 and 160 °C, respectively. More importantly, the 3% PVP device annealed at 160 °C maintains ≈80% of its original PCE after 5 months storage under ambient‐air conditions.

In this work, the density functional theory study shows that the magnetic properties of MoS₂ monolayer can be tuned by the distribution of group VIII atom and S vacancy, in which the dopant is incorporated via Mo subsitution.

Structural disorder induced by cryogenic milling and by heating to the amorphous phase in the active pharmaceutical ingredient Griseofulvin has been studied using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and fluorescence spectroscopy. A broad, exciting-frequency-independent scattering background in the Raman spectra and changes in intensities and splitting of some of the Raman lines due to lattice and molecular modes have been observed. In the cryomilled samples this strong background is deconvoluted into two components: one due to lattice disorder induced by cryomilling and the other due to Mie scattering from nanosized crystallites. A single-component background scattering attributed to lattice disorder is seen in the Raman spectrum of the amorphous sample. Fluorescence measurements showed an intrinsic fluorescence signal in as-received Griseofulvin that does not correspond to the inelastic background in the Raman spectra and, moreover, decreases in intensity upon cryomilling, thus excluding an assignment of the Raman background intensity to impurity- or molecular-defect-induced fluorescence. Wide-angle XRPD measurements on cryomilled Griseofulvin shows a broad two-component background consistent with the background-scattering component in the Raman data associated with lattice disorder, but at longer correlation lengths. Persistence of this disorder to even longer lengths is evident in small-angle synchrotron XRPD data on micronized Griseofulvin taken as a function of temperature from the crystalline to the amorphous phase.

CeO ₂ hollow spheres are prepared to fabricate the inside and outside structures of cathodes by a simple layer-by-layer process.