Background: Third molar surgery is a common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This kind of surgery is predictable, and complications are infrequent. Immune deficiency is one of the considerations for the prevention of complications. HIV patients may be immune deficient. Third molar surgical procedures are associated with bleeding and increased risk of infection. Improvement in oral hygiene must be encouraged, such as pre‐operative scaling. Prophylactic antibiotics and history of anti‐retroviral therapy should be considered.Case report: 7 cases of third molar surgery in HIV patients were handled at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department. Intraoral examination showed typical lesions of HIV patients such as oral candidiasis, hairy leucoplakia, necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, oral ulcers and also pericoronitis of third molars. Radiological examination showed impacted teeth in the upper and lower the third molar region. Third molar treatment was carried out as elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to the patients as standard of care.Conclusion: Treatment planning for HIV‐positive patients follows the same sequence as with other patients, and the priorities are to remove local infection and prevent further dental disease. Third molar surgery in HIV‐positive patients can improve dental health which can affect the quality of life. Prophylactic antibiotic should be used to prevent infections. Bleeding control also needed to avoid complications.

An impacted third molar is one of the most common abnormalities of the tooth position, impacting patients and their quality of life. Based on the impact and the invasive removal procedure, this study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of impacted third molars based on their radiographic features as well as their association with demographic characteristics. Outpatient dental records of the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019, were sorted, and relevant clinical and demographic data and panoramic radiographic examination results were extracted from these records. All data were then tabulated and analyzed by using SPSS version 29. As many as 3019 impacted third molars were identified. Our findings suggested the association between age to the occurrence of impacted third molars where patients aged between 17 and 29 years old showed high occurrences of impacted third molars. Male patients with impacted third molars are more likely to have multiple impacted third molars, while this risk decreases in females. Radiographic examination showed that the mesioangular position is the most common position for mandibular third molars. The variation in high occurrences of the impacted third molar is associated with several demographic factors.

Orbital cellulitis is uncommon sequelae of the spread of odontogenic infection to adjacent maxillary sinuses or to distant sites such as the orbits. Once it happened, the spread of such infection can be of serious complication such as complete blindness or even more serious and life threatening situations as cavernous sinus thrombosis, intra-cranial abscess, or even death. This paper aimed to expose the guideline treatment of orbital cellulitis as a complication of odontogenic infection. It reported one case of orbital cellulitis in the emergency unit of Hasan Sadikin hospital Bandung, with complaints of pain, swelling at cheek and periorbital region, and the history of toothache. The treatment include incision drainage, extraction of tooth, and parenteral administration of antibiotic and analgesic. Odontogenic infections are derived from dental infection and can potentially spread rapidly to be ascending infection like orbital cellulitis. Odontogenic infection and orbital cellulitis should be adequately treated with incision drainage, extraction of tooth and parenteral administration of antibiotic, steroid and analgesic. Without immediate treatment, odontogenic infection can lead to ascending infection. Orbital cellulitis due to spreading of odontogenic infection is a rare case. In this case report, the patient had a significant improvement due to immediate and proper treatment.

Pendahuluan: Sialolithiasis adalah penyakit umum kelenjar saliva. Gejalanya termasuk pembengkakan kelenjar yang terlibat, terutama selama makan, dan nyeri tekan, yang mungkin mereda tetapi dapat kambuh kembali. Sialolith terjadi terutama di kelenjar submandibula (80-90%) dan pada tingkat yang lebih rendah di kelenjar parotid (5-20%). Sialolith bisa tunggal atau jamak. Multipel sialolith di kelenjar submandibula jarang terjadi. Tujuh puluh dari delapan puluh persen kasus memiliki sialolith tunggal, hanya sekitar 5% pasien yang memiliki tiga atau lebih sialolith. Faktor etiopatogenesis terkait dengan pembentukan sialolith adalah obstruksi, penurunan laju aliran saliva, dehidrasi, infeksi kelenjar saliva, dan terganggunya kelarutan kristaloid. Tujuan penulisan laporan kasus ini untuk menjelaskan etiopatogenesis dan terapi kasus multipel sialolithiasis kelenjar submandibula. Laporan kasus: Seorang wanita 24 tahun datang dengan pembengkakkan dan nyeri pada submandibula kanan. Radiografi panoramik menunjukkan massa radiopak terdefinisi dengan baik dalam submandibula kanan. Interpretasi ultrasonografi menunjukkan massa tak homogen hypoechoic dengan kalsifikasi ganda. Pengangkatan kelenjar submandibula dilakukan dengan pendekatan ekstraoral. Laporan kasus ini menunjukkan Gambaran sebanyak sembilan sialolith di kelenjar submandibula, yang dihilangkan dengan pendekatan ekstraoral. Simpulan: Etiopatogenesis dari pembentukan multipel sialolithiasis pada duktus kelenjar, yaitu faktor mekanis, inflamasi, kimiawi, dan infeksi. Diperkirakan bahwa alkalin serta saliva kental yang mengandung banyak sel mukus, memiliki persentase kalsium fosfat lebih tinggi seperti pada kelenjar saliva submandibula yang mendukung pembentukan sialolith. Pengangkatan kelenjar submandibula beserta sialolith dilakukan sebagai standar baku perawatan dan dapat menghindari kekambuhan. Pasien kontrol kembali satu minggu pasca operasi dengan kondisi baik dan dijadwalkan untuk pemeriksaan radiografis ulang enam bulan kemudian untuk memastikan tidak terjadinya pembentukan sialolith baru di saluran kelenjar saliva. Kata kunci: Multipel, sialolithiasis, kelenjar submandibula.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary glands. Symptoms include the glands inflammation, especially during eating, and tenderness, which may subside but may recur. Sialoliths occur mainly in the submandibular glands (80-90%) and to a lesser extent in the parotid glands (5-20%). Sialolith can be singular or plural. Multiple sialoliths in the submandibular gland rarely occur. Seventy out of eighty per cent of cases have a single sialolith. Only about 5% of patients have three or more sialoliths. The etiopathogenetic factors associated with sialolith formation are obstruction, decreasing salivary flow rate, dehydration, salivary gland infection, and impaired crystalloid solubility. The purpose of this case report was to describe the etiopathogenesis and treatment of multiple cases of submandibular gland sialolithiasis. Case report: A 24-year-old woman presented with inflammation and pain in the right submandibular. Panoramic radiograph shows a well-defined radiopaque mass in the right submandibular. Ultrasound interpretation revealed a hypoechoic homogeneous mass with multiple calcifications. Removal of the submandibular gland was carried out with an extraoral approach. This case report showed the appearance of as many as nine sialoliths in the sub-mandibular gland, removed by an extraoral approach. Conclusion: Etiopathogenesis of the formation of multiple sialolithiasis in the glandular duct are mechanical, inflammatory, chemical, and infectious factors. It is thought that alkaline and thick saliva, which contains many mucus cells, has a higher percentage of calcium phosphate than in the submandibular salivary glands, which support the formation of sialoliths. Submandibular gland removal along with the sialoliths is performed as the treatment standard, which can avoid recurrence. The control visit is carried out one week postoperatively in good condition, and the patient is scheduled for another radiographic examination six months after to ensure that no new sialoliths occurred in the salivary gland. Keywords: Multiple, sialolithiasis, submandibular gland.

Introduction: Oromaxillofacial traumas comprise injuries to the face, jaws, or both that are largely caused by physical forces, foreign bodies, or burns; they include injury to any of the bony structures, skin, and soft tissues around the face. Maxillofacial trauma is related to human activity or mobility, so traffic accidents are the highest cause. During the Covid-19 pandemic, human activity was mostly at home with movement restrictions. This paper aims to describe the types of characteristics and management of oromaxillofacial traumas during covid-19 pandemic at the emergency room RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate every maxillofacial trauma in patients treated by the oral surgeon in the emergency room at RSUP Dr.Hasan Sadikin Bandung Hospital. Maxillofacial trauma incidence records were taken directly from case reports department of oral and maxillofacial surgery emergency room patients from January 2020-December 2021. The variables considered were: patient age, gender, etiologies, sites, classifications, and management of the trauma. All the information found is then integrated into a table to be analyzed epidemiologically. Result: 177 maxillofacial trauma patients were registered in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery report. It was found that the gender ratio, female to male, is equal to 2.3: 7.6. The 18-36 age group accounted for the largest subgroup in both sexes. Motorcycle accidents accounted for as much as 80.22% of the etiology of the most common traumas. While dentoalveolar (28.22%) was the most common site of the fracture, followed by the mandible (23.31%). Injuries around the mouth make up the most portion (62.15%) regarding the area that is directly impacted by the injuries, followed by injuries to the face (18.64%) and injuries to the mouth and nose combined (6.21%). Among the 177 patients mentioned above, 10.17% were hospitalized.Conclusion: It can be concluded from this cross-sectional study that traffic accidents, mainly motorcycle crashes, are the primary cause of traumas, with males being more prone to accidents. Meanwhile, the dentoalveolar fracture was the most common site of fracture. For this reason, we might be better prepared with all the resources necessary to diagnose and treat patients with oromaxillofacial traumas in the future.