This paper discusses the implementation of GNU radio-based software defined radio (SDR) for designing a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar to detect stationary and moving targets. The use of SDR system in which its components are implemented by means of software is to reduce cost and complexity in the design and implementation. Whilst the signal processing of FMCW radar is carried out using Matlab R® with triangular linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform to obtain the target distance and the target relative speed for stationary and moving target, respectively. From the result, it is shown that the radar is successfully implemented using GNU radio-based SDR with the capability in distance target detection of 14.79km for a moving target away from the radar with the relative speed of 50m/s.

Microscopic detection of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) from mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-stained sputum samples is a crucial step in the detection of TB (tuberculosis) disease. Pathologists encounter many challenges that may result in incorrect diagnoses, such as the heterogeneous shape and irregular appearance of MTB, low-quality ZN staining, and errors in in scanning each of the field of view (FoV) using a conventional microscope. Additionally, multiple manual observations may cause fatigue that leads to human error. Several studies have created microscopic imaging databases of sputum samples, aiding researchers in creating computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for tuberculosis, which is a promising method that offers timely, reliable, and repeatable assistance. Nevertheless, the implementation of CAD systems for TB diagnosis remains an area of ongoing research and development owing to the lack of microscopic image datasets of sputum samples, which represent whole-slide imaging (WSI) that follows the WHO (World Health Organization) regulations. To address this issue, this study developed a novel digitized microscopic image from sputum smear samples of Indonesian patients in the WSI that conform to the WHO regulation. These images are collected as a Microscopic Imaging Database of Tuberculosis Indonesia (MIDTI). This study also proposed a method based on the YOLOv7 (You Only Look Once seventh version) algorithm to develop a CAD for tuberculosis diagnosis by classifying ZN-stained sputum smear samples into International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) grades, which has never been revealed in any previous studies.

We have constructed an imaging device that is capable of showing the spatio-temporal distribution of magnetic flux density in real-time. The device employs a set of AMR (anisotropic magneto-resistance) three-axis magnetometers, which are arranged into a two-dimensional sensor array. All of the magnetic field values measured by the array are collected by a microcontroller, which pre-processes and sends the data to a PDU (processing and display unit) implemented on a smartphone/tablet or a computer. The interpolation algorithm and display software in the PDU present the field as a high-resolution video; thus, the device works as a magnetic field camera. In the experiments, we employ the camera to map the field distribution of the distorted ambient magnetic field caused by a hidden object. The obtained image of field shows both the position and shape of the object. We also demonstrate the capability of the device to image a loaded power-line cable carrying a 50 Hz alternating current.

Sensitive data including medical images and electronic patient records (EPR) have potential value in the era of big data and telemedicine applications. Distribution of medical images and EPR over public networks requires a high level of privacy and security. Robust and imperceptible watermarking techniques are needed to provide copyright preservation for medical images and protect patient information security. This paper improves the technique of Coltuc et al. by modifying the discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient pairs in the watermark embedding formula. Our proposed formula ensures that the difference between the two coefficients is at least ????. If the difference between the two coefficients is less than ????, then the new pixels are modified so that the difference is equal to ????. The proposed method was evaluated on a variety of medical images, including X-ray, CT, US, MRI, and Colonoscopy, and compared to numerous robust watermarking techniques of the recent time. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested method outperforms contemporary robust watermarking techniques in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and security. The peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) for all modalities of watermarked medical images exceeds 54 dB, and the average PSNR is approximately 56 dB. The proposed method is outstanding compared to Coltuc's method due to a 93% and 14% increase in bit error rate (BER) and normalized correlation (NC), respectively. Our work is superior to various state-of-the-art robust watermarking techniques, allowing it to be employed effectively in medical applications. ABSTRAK: Data sensitif termasuk imej perubatan dan rekod pesakit elektronik (EPR) mempunyai potensi nilai dalam era aplikasi data besar dan teleperubatan. Pengedaran imej perubatan dan EPR melalui rangkaian awam memerlukan tahap privasi dan keselamatan yang tinggi. Teknik penanda air yang mantap dan tidak dapat dilihat diperlukan untuk menyediakan pemeliharaan hak cipta untuk imej perubatan dan melindungi keselamatan maklumat pesakit. Kertas kerja ini menambah baik teknik Coltuc et al. dengan mengubah suai pasangan pekali transformasi kosinus diskret (DCT) dalam formula pembenaman tera air. Formula yang dicadangkan kami memastikan bahawa perbezaan antara dua pekali adalah sekurang-kurangnya ????. Jika perbezaan antara dua pekali kurang daripada ????, maka piksel baharu diubah suai supaya perbezaannya sama dengan ????. Kaedah yang dicadangkan telah dinilai pada pelbagai imej perubatan, termasuk X-ray, CT, US, MRI, dan Kolonoskopi, dan dibandingkan dengan banyak teknik penanda air yang mantap pada masa terkini. Keputusan eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa kaedah yang dicadangkan mengatasi teknik penanda air teguh kontemporari dari segi ketidakjelasan, keteguhan dan keselamatan. Nilai PSNR untuk semua modalitas imej perubatan bertanda air melebihi 54 dB, dan nilai purata PSNR adalah lebih kurang 56 dB. Kaedah yang dicadangkan adalah cemerlang daripada kaedah Coltuc kerana masing-masing peningkatan 93% dan 14% dalam BER dan NC. Kerja kami lebih unggul daripada pelbagai teknik penanda air teguh terkini, membolehkan ia digunakan dengan berkesan dalam aplikasi perubatan.

Finding a Hadamard matrix (H-matrix) among the set of all binary matrices of corresponding order is a hard problem, which potentially can be solved by quantum computing. We propose a method to formulate the Hamiltonian of finding H-matrix problem and address its implementation limitation on existing quantum annealing machine (QAM) that allows up to quadratic terms, whereas the problem naturally introduces higher order ones. For an M-order H-matrix, such a limitation increases the number of variables from M² to (M³ + M² − M)/2, which makes the formulation of the Hamiltonian too exhaustive to do by hand. We use symbolic computing techniques to manage this problem. Three related cases are discussed: (1) finding N < M orthogonal binary vectors, (2) finding M-orthogonal binary vectors, which is equivalent to finding a H-matrix, and (3) finding N-deleted vectors of an M-order H-matrix. Solutions of the problems by a 2-body simulated annealing software and by an actual quantum annealing hardware are also discussed.

We investigate spontaneous entanglement of two qubits mediated by nonreciprocal surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in a Weyl semimetal. In the absence of external magnetic fields, the topology of the Weyl semimetal even gives rise to nonreciprocal SPPs that are topologically protected and reside inside the photonic gap. We utilize this nonreciprocal SPP as a mediator of entanglement of two spatially separated qubits. Our two main findings are (1) the nonreciprocal SPP gives better quantum entanglement than the reciprocal one, and (2) the entanglement achieved in the Weyl semimetal is sufficiently long lived compared to the entanglement using SPPs in conventional metals.