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The available literature on tsunami evacuation has neglected to investigate the differences between day and night evacuation logistics, as well as the changes that apply to night-time evacuation before and after an actual earthquake. The current study collected three sets of data on tsunami evacuation logistics: the 2013 day-time data, the 2013 night-time data, and the 2014 night-time data. Using the 2013 night-time data as reference variables, comparative results showed that longer mobilization time and longer clearance time were required at night than during the day. People tended to spend less time on evacuation preparation after an earthquake experience. In the daytime evacuation scenario, a longer mobilization time was required for older people and those whose dwellings were constructed according to the 1981 Building Standards Act. In the night-time evacuation scenario, the need for vehicle evacuation was enhanced by an earthquake experience.
Yingying Sun; Jikai Sun. Self-assessment of tsunami evacuation logistics: Importance of time and earthquake experience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 2020, 87, 102512 .
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Jikai Sun. Self-assessment of tsunami evacuation logistics: Importance of time and earthquake experience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2020; 87 ():102512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Jikai Sun. 2020. "Self-assessment of tsunami evacuation logistics: Importance of time and earthquake experience." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 87, no. : 102512.
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are founded to be effective to delay epidemic spread and to reduce the number of patients. Moderate NPIs took in Japan seemed to have reduced the COVID-19 patients and to lower death rates, thus, effects of those NPIs are worthy of investigation. We used open source data and divided the data into three periods: Jan 22 to Feb 25 (Period I), Feb 26 to Apr 6 (Period II), and Apr 7 to May 14 (Period III). We developed the SIRD model and applied the Monte Carlo Simulation to estimate a combination of optimal results, including the peak of infected cases, the peak date, and R0. For Period I, the estimated peak infected cases were smaller than the observed ones, the peak date was earlier than the observed one, and the R0 was about 4.66. For the other two periods, the estimated cases were more, and the peak dates were earlier than the observed ones. The R0 was 2.50 in Period II, and 1.79 in Period III. NPIs took in Japan might have reduced more than 50% of the daily contacts per people compared to that before COVID-19. Owing to the effects of NPIs, the Japanese society had avoided collapse of medical service. Nevertheless, the capacity of daily RT-PCR may have restricted the reported confirmed cases.
Yingying Sun; Jikai Sun. The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Jikai Sun. The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Jikai Sun. 2020. "The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A modeling study." , no. : 1.
Previous literature has neglected the effect of household composition on mental health, especially in the context of post-disaster recovery. Open access data from the 2015 Social Survey on Living and Disaster Recovery (SSLDR) in Japan are used. A total of 689 respondents (346 from Fukushima and 343 from Sendai) made up of people living in two-parent families are examined in the current study. Pearson's Chi-square Test and ANOVA are applied to assess the differences between four groups: Fukushima parent generation, Fukushima child generation, Sendai parent generation, and Sendai child generation. The method of multiple linear regression is used to explore the association factors of intergenerational mental health in two city sites, respectively. Fukushima child generation tended to have the worst mental health status. In two city sites, the child generation tended to have a less degree of neighborhood connectedness than those in the parent generation. Variables of household composition, daily worries, and gender have significant associations with mental health in either two cities or one of them. The 2015 SSLDR datasets were collected by means of investigation through a series of questionnaires. Errors may exist if the respondents did not honestly or fully report their household composition. And there is some complexity in some attempted analysis models that is not fully included in the imputation model. Household composition has significant association with intergenerational mental health in the context of post-disaster recovery. Our results highlight the need to look for appropriate and targeted supporting mechanisms.
Yingying Sun; Tingting Yan. Relationship between household composition and intergenerational post-disaster mental health in two-parent families: Evidence from Japan. Journal of Affective Disorders 2020, 270, 22 -29.
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Tingting Yan. Relationship between household composition and intergenerational post-disaster mental health in two-parent families: Evidence from Japan. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020; 270 ():22-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Tingting Yan. 2020. "Relationship between household composition and intergenerational post-disaster mental health in two-parent families: Evidence from Japan." Journal of Affective Disorders 270, no. : 22-29.
The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and following predictions of a Nankai megathrust earthquake have aroused great concerns on tsunami risks among the Japanese people. Among those concerns, three types of negative attitudes toward tsunami risk preparedness were perceived: overly pessimistic, overly optimistic, and overly dependent. To alleviate these negative attitudes, this study proposes a community-based tsunami preparedness strategy, termed as “single-person drill” in local communities characterized with high-aging populations. During the drill, an elderly evacuee wears a global positioning system device and heads away from his/her home toward a designated evacuation shelter. A group of school students record the drill process. All of the drill records are then synthesized into multiscreen movies with the following contents: the evacuee’s behavior, messages of risk communication between the evacuee and students, and GPS tracking information overlaid on a simulated tsunami animation. This study suggests that the single-person drill has the functions of applying small-scale artefacts (e.g., video cameras and GPS devices) to the utilization of large-scale artefacts (e.g., seawalls and evacuation shelters). It also functions to shift the focus of tsunami risk preparedness practice from the community level to the individual level. More importantly, the single-person drill is found to have changed negative attitudes regarding tsunami preparedness, transforming residents’ self-views from those who would need help, to being someone who would take initiative in reducing tsunami risks.
Yingying Sun. New Approaches Toward Tsunami Risk Preparedness in Japan. Integrated Disaster Risk Management 2020, 17 -38.
AMA StyleYingying Sun. New Approaches Toward Tsunami Risk Preparedness in Japan. Integrated Disaster Risk Management. 2020; ():17-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun. 2020. "New Approaches Toward Tsunami Risk Preparedness in Japan." Integrated Disaster Risk Management , no. : 17-38.
The relationship between religion and happiness has been seriously understudied in non-Western and non-Islamic societies. Taking religious identity and religious practice as strata, the 2015 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data were used to examine the predicting power of health, politics, and social relationships with regard to happiness in four different groups, as follows: People with a religious identity and practice, people with no religious identity but with a practice, people with a religious identity but no practice, and people with neither a religious identity nor practice. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using the Ordinary Least Squares method. The results demonstrate the influence of the independent variables in the four groups, thus confirming the expectation that different religious practices, as well as identities, play a vital role in moderating the degree of happiness. Physical and mental health are significant predictors of happiness regardless of different religious situations, with the effect of mental health here found to be greater in magnitude on happiness than that of physical health. Political participation was not found to be related to happiness, but having a left-wing political attitude did emerge as strongly predicting happiness. The results concerning social relationships further consolidate the hypothesis that religious practice should be taken into consideration separately from religious identity. This study indicates the importance of further investigating religious practice as an independent factor in religious studies in the context of Chinese society.
Yingying Sun; Yue Zhang. Who Is Happier in China? Exploring Determinant Factors Using Religion as a Moderator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4308 .
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Yue Zhang. Who Is Happier in China? Exploring Determinant Factors Using Religion as a Moderator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (22):4308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Yue Zhang. 2019. "Who Is Happier in China? Exploring Determinant Factors Using Religion as a Moderator." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22: 4308.
Purpose: Very few studies have examined the influential factors of survivors’ feelings of happiness in the context of nuclear accidents. This paper aims to fill this gap with reference to the recovery process in Fukushima City following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami in Japan. Methods: Open access data were sourced from the 2015 Social Survey on Living and Disaster Recovery (SSLDR) (N = 1439) of Fukushima citizens. Pearson’s Chi-square Test and the t-test were employed to examine gender differences with regard to happiness and exploratory variables. Following this, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the determinants of happiness. Results: The results showed that, compared to females, male respondents were unhappier and reported more property loss and less neighborhood connectedness. Individuals’ mental and physical health and neighborhood connectedness were found to be significantly correlated with their happiness. However, the disaster-related variables of people’s evaluation of recovery achievement, concerns around the health impacts of radiation, property loss in the disaster, and experiences of casualty, had no effects on happiness. Conclusion: These findings indicate that policies and countermeasures dealing with disaster recovery over the long term should continuously focus on health issues and social relationships.
Yingying Sun; Tingting Yan. The Use of Public Health Indicators to Assess Individual Happiness in Post-Disaster Recovery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4101 .
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Tingting Yan. The Use of Public Health Indicators to Assess Individual Happiness in Post-Disaster Recovery. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (21):4101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Tingting Yan. 2019. "The Use of Public Health Indicators to Assess Individual Happiness in Post-Disaster Recovery." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4101.
To cope with Nankai trough tsunamis, the authors investigated the differences in perception, preparedness and response to tsunami risks among young and old adults, correlating these factors with demographic characteristics. A questionnaire survey co-designed with local government was used to collect data on an aging community. 317 valid observations were used for the purposes of analysis. Perception, preparedness, and response to tsunami risks were applied as dependent variables. Demographic features were used as exploratory variables. The results showed that age was positively associated with respondents’ evacuation time, while being negatively associated with their preparedness and warning alert experience. Females were less interested in preparedness and required a longer evacuation time. Single elderly adults were inclined to have longer evacuation time, less preparedness, and difficulties in receiving the warning alerts. Based on these results, it was concluded that: age was a crucial factor in determining preparedness plans and subsequent actions; there were distinct gender differences in terms of how older adults undertook tsunami risk reduction; household composition was a strong predictor in measuring abilities to cope with tsunami risks.
Yingying Sun; Jikai Sun. Perception, preparedness, and response to tsunami risks in an aging society: Evidence from Japan. Safety Science 2019, 118, 466 -474.
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Jikai Sun. Perception, preparedness, and response to tsunami risks in an aging society: Evidence from Japan. Safety Science. 2019; 118 ():466-474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Jikai Sun. 2019. "Perception, preparedness, and response to tsunami risks in an aging society: Evidence from Japan." Safety Science 118, no. : 466-474.
In this paper, we present a pedestrian single-file movement experiment that directly captures the characteristics of the interacting pedestrians’ continuous stepping behaviors. We find that the relationship between step length (duration) and spatial headway exhibits piecewise linear behavior: It first increases linearly as the headway increases and then remains constant when the headway exceeds 1.20 m (0.71 m). Three different regimes are observed and defined on the basis of their relationships. The continuous small-step phenomena are found in a strongly constrained regime. We reveal that the relationship between the step duration and the step velocity is nonmonotonous and that the longest duration is seen at a velocity of 1.35 m/s, whereas the relationship between the step length and the step velocity is monotonous and can be well represented by a quartic function. Furthermore, we show that the dependency of the ratio between head displacement and foot displacement in a step on the headway is a piecewise linear relationship. We were interested to find that the ratio is less (greater) than 0.5 when the headway is less (greater) than 1 m. This finding reveals the backward- (forward-) deviating phenomena of the body and can be used to indirectly interpret the differences in some of the results of this paper and previous studies. Finally, we show that step synchronization (asynchronization) is most likely to occur at a headway of 0.76 m (0.51 m). These interesting findings greatly deepen our understanding of basic human stepping behavior.
Yi Ma; Ying Ying Sun; Eric Wai Ming Lee; Richard Kowk Kit Yuen. Pedestrian stepping dynamics in single-file movement. Physical Review E 2018, 98, 062311 .
AMA StyleYi Ma, Ying Ying Sun, Eric Wai Ming Lee, Richard Kowk Kit Yuen. Pedestrian stepping dynamics in single-file movement. Physical Review E. 2018; 98 (6):062311.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Ma; Ying Ying Sun; Eric Wai Ming Lee; Richard Kowk Kit Yuen. 2018. "Pedestrian stepping dynamics in single-file movement." Physical Review E 98, no. 6: 062311.
This study explores the causal relationship between Internet users’ ideologies and their corresponding attitudes to genetically modified (GM) food safety. Using the 2015 Chinese Internet User Survey data (N = 3780) as a representative sample of Internet users from China, the study investigates factors influencing people’s attitudes to GM food safety. Multinomial Logistic Regression Models are applied to examine the effects of demographic features (gender, age, education, family annual income, location, CPC membership, and occupation) and ideological factors (general ideology, political ideology, economic ideology, and cultural ideology) on attitudes to GM food safety. The results demonstrate that the percentage of people whose attitude is that “GM food is risky” (35.1%) surpasses those who think “GM food is safe” (20.4%). The young generation respondents think that GM food is safe, while those with higher levels of income and education are more inclined to view GM food as risky. In addition, public sector employees tend to think that GM food is risky. Respondents characterized with right-wing ideology in general tend to regard GM food as safe, compared to left-wing ideologists. However, their attitude varies in different ideological dimensions of politics, economics, and culture. This paper contributes new insights into understanding ideological influences on science development and sustainability.
Yue Zhang; Yingying Sun. The Effect of Ideology on Attitudes toward GM Food Safety among Chinese Internet Users. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4326 .
AMA StyleYue Zhang, Yingying Sun. The Effect of Ideology on Attitudes toward GM Food Safety among Chinese Internet Users. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue Zhang; Yingying Sun. 2018. "The Effect of Ideology on Attitudes toward GM Food Safety among Chinese Internet Users." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4326.
Evacuation drills have been developed as part of many risk management programs. However, very few studies have paid attention to the process of evacuation drills. This study employs action research to examine a tsunami risk management strategy called the single-person drill, and applies new technologies in presenting related outcomes presented as multiscreen movies. The drill targets vulnerable people (i.e., older adults), during which a single evacuee moves to a shelter with the aid of a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. Evacuation routes, destination, and duration were used as parameters in an agent-based evacuation simulation shown on movies. The drill has been conducted 58 times in a coastal community (Okitsu, Kochi Prefecture), and 59 multiscreen movies were produced. An analysis of the effectiveness of the drill and related movies was done by collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. Results showed that, with a total of 163 respondents of a semistructured interview, 70.0% of residents were familiar with the drill, and 22.0% wanted to try it. The drill helped elderly people to improve self-efficacy in tsunami risk management, and generated two-way risk communication between experts and participants. This paper contributes new insights into understanding the importance of technology in tsunami risk management.
Yingying Sun; Katsuya Yamori. Risk Management and Technology: Case Studies of Tsunami Evacuation Drills in Japan. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2982 .
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Katsuya Yamori. Risk Management and Technology: Case Studies of Tsunami Evacuation Drills in Japan. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):2982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Katsuya Yamori. 2018. "Risk Management and Technology: Case Studies of Tsunami Evacuation Drills in Japan." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 2982.
This study differentiates the risk perception and influencing factors of climate change along the dimensions of global severity and personal threat. Using the 2013 Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSGS) data (N = 2001) as a representative sample of adults from Taiwan, we investigated the influencing factors of the risk perceptions of climate change in these two dimensions (global severity and personal threat). Logistic regression models were used to examine the correlations of individual factors (gender, age, education, climate-related disaster experience and risk awareness, marital status, employment status, household income, and perceived social status) and societal factors (religion, organizational embeddedness, and political affiliations) with the above two dimensions. The results demonstrate that climate-related disaster experience has no significant impact on either the perception of global severity or the perception of personal impact. However, climate-related risk awareness (regarding typhoons, in particular) is positively associated with both dimensions of the perceived risks of climate change. With higher education, individuals are more concerned about global severity than personal threat. Regarding societal factors, the supporters of political parties have higher risk perceptions of climate change than people who have no party affiliation. Religious believers have higher risk perceptions of personal threat than non-religious people. This paper ends with a discussion about the effectiveness of efforts to enhance risk perception of climate change with regard to global severity and personal threat.
Yingying Sun; Ziqiang Han. Climate Change Risk Perception in Taiwan: Correlation with Individual and Societal Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 91 .
AMA StyleYingying Sun, Ziqiang Han. Climate Change Risk Perception in Taiwan: Correlation with Individual and Societal Factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (1):91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingying Sun; Ziqiang Han. 2018. "Climate Change Risk Perception in Taiwan: Correlation with Individual and Societal Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 1: 91.