Background/Objectives: This systematic review evaluated the impact of nusinersen therapy on respiratory health and function in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and determined whether nusinersen improves pulmonary function, focusing on differences based on patient age and the timing of treatment initiation. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Ovid Medline, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases was conducted up to January 2024 in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Thirteen studies were included, comprising clinical trials, observational studies, and case series that focused on respiratory outcomes in SMA patients treated with nusinersen. The data on study design, participant characteristics, nusinersen intervention, respiratory outcomes, and adverse events were extracted. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess study quality. A narrative synthesis was conducted to address the heterogeneity of the studies. Results: This review found a general trend of improvement in pulmonary function, specifically in forced vital capacity (FVC), although the extent and duration of improvement varied across the studies. Peak cough flow (PCF) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) showed positive trends in some studies, although the results were not consistently significant. Respiratory function improvements were frequently observed, particularly in younger patients and those treated earlier. Conclusions: Nusinersen appears to enhance respiratory function and improve motor outcomes in SMA patients, especially with early treatment. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and long-term effects on respiratory health in SMA.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the effectiveness of no or low-dose versus high-dose aspirin on the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, hospital stay length, and fever duration during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Our review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were comprehensively searched to identify relevant studies in the literature, including observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcome was the incidence of CAAs. The secondary outcomes were the hospital stay length, fever duration, and IVIG resistance. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for cohort studies and Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. The data were analyzed using the Review Manager software. Twelve studies with a total of 68,495 participants met the inclusion criteria. The incidences of CAAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–1.34) and IVIG resistance (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.00–2.12) did not differ significantly between no or low-dose versus high-dose aspirin in treating acute KD. Moreover, the fever durations (mean difference [MD] = 3.55 h; 95% CI = −7.99–15.10) and hospital stay lengths (MD = −0.54 days; 95% CI = −2.50–1.41) were similar in the no and low-dose aspirin group compared to the high-dose aspirin group. Our review indicates that there are no significant differences in the incidences of CAA and IVIG resistance, fever durations, and hospital stay lengths between no or low-dose versus high-dose aspirin in treating the acute phase of KD.

Background/Objectives: Migraine and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both common chronic conditions that may share underlying pathophysiological mechanisms despite presenting with distinct clinical features. Understanding the association between these two conditions could enhance treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between COPD and migraine, highlighting shared risk factors and identifying gaps in the existing literature. Methods: A search was conducted across four electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid Medline, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) following PRISMA guidelines up to January 2024. The search identified 85 studies, of which five met the inclusion criteria: observational studies, cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized controlled trials examining the association between migraine and COPD. Studies not published in English and irrelevant study designs were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool, which evaluated aspects such as study design, participant selection, measurement methods, and the handling of confounding factors. Results: The review included five studies comprising 184,817 patients. All studies identified a significant association between COPD and migraine, with varying methodologies for diagnosing the conditions. Notably, COPD patients had an increased risk of migraine compared to controls, and migraine patients also demonstrated a higher risk of developing COPD. However, the evidence was marked by high heterogeneity and potential confounding factors. Conclusions: The findings suggest a significant association between COPD and migraine, potentially driven by shared mechanisms such as systemic inflammation. However, the predominance of cross-sectional studies limits causal inference. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to clarify the directionality and causality of the relationship between COPD and migraine while thoroughly addressing potential confounding factors.