Depressive disorders are heterogeneous in nature, and their global reach makes them the cause of suffering for a million individuals worldwide. Standard treatment does not work for one in three people, and side effects can significantly reduce the quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach allows for a broader insight into the nature of the disease, given its complex etiology. One of its elements is the hypothesis of inflammation, which also accompanies obesity-related disease. Obesity and depression interact, causing many researchers to develop new non-pharmacological treatment methods for both diseases. One suggestion is physical exercises that have great potential to be used in clinical practice. They can exert changes on the central nervous system and thus modulate mood. Another is diet, which concentrates on active molecules that also affect the central nervous system (CNS). There is an urgent need to create appropriate criteria and recommendations that systematize existing knowledge and allow it to be used in practice. There is an urgent need to create appropriate criteria and recommendations that systematize existing knowledge and allow it to be used in practice.

Endometriosis is a common condition affecting approximately 10% of women of reproductive age and leads to many unpleasant symptoms, such as pelvic pain, painful intercourse, and fertility issues. Although treatment primarily involves surgical and hormonal approaches, growing evidence suggests that physical activity may play a beneficial role in alleviating symptoms of the disease. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the impact of physical activity on the symptoms of endometriosis and evaluate the role of exercise in improving the quality of life for patients. Available research indicates that regular physical activity, including aerobic and strength exercises, can reduce pain intensity, improve well-being, and decrease the need for pain medications. Additionally, exercise positively affects mental health, reducing stress, anxiety, and depression, which, in turn, improves the course of the disease. The findings suggest that physical activity should be considered an integral part of endometriosis treatment, serving as a supportive therapeutic approach. However, further controlled studies and long-term observations are necessary to determine the optimal type, intensity, and frequency of exercise for women with endometriosis.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used pharmacological agents with potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Due to their broad application and availability, both prescription and over-the-counter, NSAIDs are highly popular across various age groups. Millions of people worldwide use these medications daily, making them one of the most commonly utilized drugs. On the other hand, ethanol, one of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances, is widely ingested globally. Both alcohol and NSAIDs undergo complex pharmacokinetic processes, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The co-existence of these substances in the body can lead to significant interactions that affect the efficacy of therapy and increase the risk of adverse effects. The objective of this study is to review the literature concerning interactions between NSAIDs and alcohol, with a particular emphasis on the impact of these interactions on usage practices and health outcomes. The study discusses the mechanisms of action of both substances, their effects on the gastrointestinal system, liver, and other organs, as well as the potential risks associated with their concurrent use. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to summarize the available knowledge about how alcohol influence on metabolism of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human. Particular emphasis has been placed on its impact on the gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular systems, which have been thoroughly analyzed and summarized. Material and methods: The literature available in PubMed, and the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: ,,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs”, ,,alcohol”, ,,COX-1”, ,,COX-2”

Introduction: Phytotherapy, the field focused on utilizing medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of diseases, plays a crucial role in a sustainable approach to healthcare. In the context of growing interest in natural therapies, attention is increasingly directed toward species such as Urtica dioica (common nettle), Berberis vulgaris (common barberry), and Withania somnifera (common ashwagandha). These plants, renowned for their richness in active compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and withanolides, offer a wide range of therapeutic effects. This paper examines the role of these species in modern medicine, highlighting their importance in the treatment and prevention of chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. It discusses their unique biochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and evidence of efficacy gathered through clinical studies. With advanced extraction techniques and phytochemical analysis, the pharmacological potential of these plants has been thoroughly explored, opening up new possibilities for integrating natural ingredients into holistic healthcare approaches. Phytotherapy based on these plants reflects not only their centuries-old tradition but also their growing importance in contemporary, sustainable medicine. Aim of study: The aim of this scientific paper is to summarize the available knowledge on the significance and application of various medicinal plants used in modern medicine. Particular emphasis has been placed on their impact on metabolic syndrome, obesity, as well as the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Material and methods: The literature available in PubMed, and the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: ,,phytotherapy’’; ,,herbal therapy’’; ,,botanical characteristics”; ,,medicinal plants”; ,,utrica dioica”; ,,berberine”; ,,barberis vulgaris”; “withania somnifera”

Introduction: Contemporary nutritional strategies in sports play a crucial role, and it can be argued that, in a certain sense, they are paramount. This research aims to focus on three dietary approaches commonly utilized in various sports disciplines. The high-carbohydrate diet is particularly influential in endurance sports, owing to its properties that enhance muscle performance and efficiency. The core principle of this diet is the provision of large amounts of carbohydrates, providing the basic source of energy, which allows maintaining the level of glycogen in the muscles and liver. In contrast to high-carbohydrate diets, high-protein and ketogenic diets have gained increasing popularity. The high-protein diet is especially recommended for strength and endurance athletes due to its ability to support anabolic processes and facilitate the repair of micro-muscular damage. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet, characterized by elevated fat intake, induces metabolic adaptations such as ketosis, wherein the body shifts from carbohydrate to fat. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to summarize the available knowledge about how diets influence sports indicators such as strength, endurance and ability to regenerate. The metabolism, mechanisms and different methods of diets were described and summarized. Material and methods: The literature available in PubMed, and the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: ,,Ketogenic diet”, ,,High carbohydrate diet”, ,,High protein diet”, ,,Diets in sport”

Nicotine, a potent psychoactive alkaloid found in tobacco leaves, is recognized for its high addictive potential, contributing to over 8 million deaths annually according to the World Health Organization. This article explores the complexities of nicotine addiction, highlighting its dual nature as both a learned behavior and a physical dependence. Despite approximately 70% of smokers expressing a desire to quit, achieving long-term cessation often requires multiple attempts, typically around six. Nicotine replacement therapy has been shown to enhance cessation success rates significantly, with various forms available, including skin patches, chewing gum, nasal and oral sprays, inhalers, lozenges, and tablets. Personalized dosing and combined pharmacotherapy with behavioral support are recommended for optimal outcomes. However, the rise of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as an alternative to traditional smoking has introduced new opportunities in smoking cessation efforts. While e-cigarettes are marketed as safer alternatives, their effectiveness in promoting long-term abstinence remains contentious, with studies indicating that they may aid short-term cessation but not necessarily improve long-term quitting rates. The impact of electronic cigarettes on smoking cessation also remains controversial, taking into consideration how little today's medicine does know about the long-term side effects of using e-cigarettes. This article emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to treating nicotine addiction, combining pharmacotherapy with behavioral support, and highlights the need for further research to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of e-cigarettes as cessation tools.