Pyroptosis, known as one typical mode of programmed cell death, is generally characterized by the cleaved gasdermin family (GSDMs) forming pores in the cell membrane and inducing cell rupture, and the activation of aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) has also been found during this process. Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is caused by the complication of diabetes in the kidney, and the most important kidney’s function, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), happens to drop to less than 90% of its usual and even lead to kidney failure in severe cases. The persistent inflammatory state induced by high blood glucose implies the key pathology of DKD, and growing evidence shows that pyroptosis serves as a significant contributor to this chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder. Currently, the expanded discovery of GSDMs, pyroptosis, and its association with innate immunity has been more attractive, and overwhelming research is needed to sort out the implication of pyroptosis in DKD pathology. In this review, we comb both classical studies and newly founds on pyroptosis, prick off the novel awakening of pyroptosis in DKD, and center on the significance of pyroptosis in DKD treatment, aiming to provide new research targets and treatment strategies on DKD.

Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a clinical and pathological syndrome characterized by excessive fat deposition and even steatosis in hepatocytes. It has been proven that liver inflammation induced by fat and its derivatives are involved in the pathogenesis of FLD, while the precise mechanism still remains poorly understood. Pyroptosis is programmed inflammatory cell death driving cell swelling and membrane rupture. Pyroptosis is initiated by the activation of inflammasomes and caspases, which further cleaves and activates various gasdermins, leading to pores forming on the cell membrane and the release of pro-inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recent studies demonstrate that pyroptosis occurs in hepatocytes, and inhibiting pyroptosis could effectively reduce fat deposition in the liver and could ameliorate inflammation from FLD, attracting our prime focus on the role of pyroptosis in FLD. In this manuscript, we reviewed the current understanding of pyroptosis in FLD development, aiming to provide new insights and potential research targets for the clinical diagnosis and intervention of FLD.