Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devasting neurological condition producing physical dependency, morbidity, psychological stress, and financial burden. During the last 30 years, its global prevalence has increased from 236 to 1298 cases per million populations. Two types of spinal cord injury are primary and secondary injury. Primary injury is mechanical damage to the cord itself whereas secondary injury results from one or more biochemical and cellular processes that are triggered by the primary lesion. In 1700 BC, in an Egyptian surgical papyrus, they describe the frustration of health care professionals in treating a severe spinal cord injury, the Papyrus reported spinal fractures as a “disease that should not be treated”. Most of these studies approach a patient with acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) in one of four manners: corrective surgery or a physical, biological, or pharmacological treatment method. Science is unraveling the mechanisms of cell protection and neuroregeneration, but clinically, we only provide supportive care for patients with spinal cord injuries. By combining these treatments, researchers attempt to enhance the functional recovery of patients with spinal cord injuries. Advances in the last decade have allowed us to encourage the development of experimental studies in the field of spinal cord regeneration. The combination of several therapeutic strategies should, at a minimum, allow for partial functional recoveries for these patients, which could improve their quality of life. More studies were done on spinalized animals that indicate that most of these pharmacological agents may act on receptors present in the spinal cord, thus facilitate to produce coordinated locomotor movement, whereas some other drugs used to improve the neuropathological changes caused because of spinal cord injury (SCI), such as spasticity or demyelination, to improve walking.

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) leads to severe neurological impairment due to irreversible damage to spinal axons and limited Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes severe neurological impairment due to irreversible axonal damage and limited regenerative capacity. Current treatments, including surgical decompression and neuroprotective agents, have limited effectiveness, with no consensus on the optimal therapeutic combination. Anti-Nogo-A therapies show promise in preclinical studies, but their clinical efficacy remains uncertain. Emerging evidence suggests that serum Nogo-A levels may serve as prognostic biomarkers for neurological recovery in SCI patients. This study explores the potential of targeting the Nogo A/Nogo receptor pathway to enhance axonal regeneration and support the development of personalized treatment strategies.

Introduction: Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) has been a sensitive and reliable marker of bone metabolic activity. The study aimed to study the epidemiology of orthopaedic trauma patients and estimate the level of BALP in these patients. Material and methods: This hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted on over 300 patients admitted to the orthopaedic trauma unit in the level I trauma centre of North India during the study period from January 2020 to January 2021. The level of BALP was assessed in serum samples of 258 patients. Result: A total of 300 patients were included in this study, with an average age of 33.52±17.16 years. Road traffic accidents were the most common mode of injury among admitted patients. We found a significant linear correlation between age and mean BALP levels (P-value < 0.005). The mean age of patients having abnormal BALP is 63.0±16.61 years. Females (22.61±16.23) had greater mean BALP levels than males (13.15±5.86). Among different fractures, fractures around the hip had a higher mean BALP level (23.17±15.07). Patients with diabetes mellitus have higher mean BALP levels. Conclusion: BALP is a cost-effective, readily available bone marker to assess the metabolic activity of orthopaedic trauma patients. Old age patients should undergo routine BALP estimation at admission to rule out metabolic disorders, and timely intervention will prevent complications associated with metabolic disorders.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays multiple roles in the human body. It was first discovered by a Hungarian biochemist Albert Szent-Györgyi in 1932. This vitamin is essential for various biological processes, including maintaining homeostasis. The skin normally has high levels of vitamin C, but its concentration decreases in photodamaged and aged skin. Due to the lack of the enzyme l-gluconolactone oxidase, humans, along with other animals like bats and guinea pigs, cannot synthesize it. This enzyme is crucial for the final step in vitamin C biosynthesis, making it a necessary dietary component for humans. Animal sources provide low amounts of vitamin C (<30–40 mg/100 g), so humans rely mainly on plant sources, which can contain up to 5,000 mg/100 g of it. Articles were searched across various platforms, including Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, DOAJ, and Sci-Hub, using keywords “Vitamin C,” “health benefits of Vitamin C,” and “Vitamin C in metabolic disorders.”

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is extremely debilitating disorder. The increasing incidences and persisting poor prognosis in neurological recovery and QoL (SCIM) have severely exposed the limitations of all known management strategies. Recently simple measures like nutritional supplementation in SCI cases have shown promising results. Efforts in augmenting neurological recovery and QoL (SCIM) following SCI are being studied world over. Unfortunately, little success has been achieved and the most promising ones such as corticosteroids, newer pharmaceutical agents, and cellular therapies have conflicting results. Several studies have found significant improvement in recovery following nutritional intervention in acute trauma and critically ill subjects. These were reported to be cost effective and easy to administer. Since most of these studies were on a specific nutritional supplement, the full potential of a set of nutritional supplementation facilitating neurological recovery needs to be explored. In ASCI, the improvement in neurological status and QOL (SCIM) is unpredictable and remains poor with known therapy. It has been reported that injuries heal better with nutritional supplementation. Taurine, vitamins C and E, omega-3 fatty acid, etc. have specifically found to be effective in facilitating recovery in acute trauma.