This comprehensive review consolidates insights from two sources to emphasize the transformative impact of scaffold-based drug delivery systems in revolutionizing oral cancer therapy. By focusing on their core abilities to facilitate targeted and localized drug administration, these systems enhance therapeutic outcomes significantly. Scaffolds, notably those coated with anti-cancer agents such as cisplatin and paclitaxel, have proven effective in inhibiting oral cancer cell proliferation, establishing a promising avenue for site-specific drug delivery. The application of synthetic scaffolds, including Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and natural materials, like collagen or silk, in 3D systems has been pivotal for controlled release of therapeutic agents, executing diverse anti-cancer strategies. A key advancement in this field is the advent of smart scaffolds designed for sequential cancer therapy, which strive to refine drug delivery systems, minimizing surgical interventions, accentuating the significance of 3D scaffolds in oral cancer management. These systems, encompassing local drug-coated scaffolds and other scaffold-based platforms, hold the potential to transform oral cancer treatment through precise interventions, yielding improved patient outcomes. Local drug delivery via scaffolds can mitigate systemic side effects typically associated with chemotherapy, such as nausea, alopecia, infections, and gastrointestinal issues. Post-drug release, scaffolds foster a conducive environment for non-cancerous cell growth, adhering and proliferation, demonstrating restorative potential. Strategies for controlled and targeted drug delivery in oral cancer therapy span injectable self-assembling peptide hydrogels, nanocarriers, and dual drug-loaded nanofibrous scaffolds. These systems ensure prolonged release, synergistic effects, and tunable targeting, enhancing drug delivery efficiency while reducing systemic exposure. Smart scaffolds, capable of sequential drug release, transitioning to cell-friendly surfaces, and enabling combinatorial therapy, hold the promise to revolutionize treatment by delivering precise interventions and optimized outcomes. In essence, scaffold-based drug delivery systems, through their varied forms and functionalities, are reshaping oral cancer therapy. They target drug delivery efficiency, diminish side effects, and present avenues for personalization. Challenges like fabrication intricacy, biocompatibility, and scalability call for additional research. Nonetheless, the perspective on scaffold-based systems in oral cancer treatment is optimistic, as ongoing advancements aim to surmount current limitations and fully leverage their potential in cancer therapy.

Bone tissue injuries within oral and dental contexts often present considerable challenges because traditional treatments may not be able to fully restore lost or damaged bone tissue. Novel approaches involving stem cells and targeted 3D scaffolds have been investigated in the search for workable solutions. The use of scaffolds in stem cell-assisted bone regeneration is a crucial component of tissue engineering techniques designed to overcome the drawbacks of traditional bone grafts. This study provides a detailed review of scaffold applications for bone regeneration with stem cells in dentistry. This review focuses on scaffolds and stem cells while covering a broad range of studies explaining bone regeneration in dentistry through the presentation of studies conducted in this field. The role of different stem cells in regenerative medicine is covered in great detail in the reviewed literature. These studies have addressed a wide range of subjects, including the effects of platelet concentrates during dental surgery or specific combinations, such as human dental pulp stem cells with scaffolds for animal model bone regeneration, to promote bone regeneration in animal models. Noting developments, research works consider methods to improve vascularization and explore the use of 3D-printed scaffolds, secretome applications, mesenchymal stem cells, and biomaterials for oral bone tissue regeneration. This thorough assessment outlines possible developments within these crucial regenerative dentistry cycles and provides insights and suggestions for additional study. Furthermore, alternative creative methods for regenerating bone tissue include biophysical stimuli, mechanical stimulation, magnetic field therapy, laser therapy, nutritional supplements and diet, gene therapy, and biomimetic materials. These innovative approaches offer promising avenues for future research and development in the field of bone tissue regeneration in dentistry.

Overview: This review aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for healthcare professionals, researchers, and students interested in oral cancer, providing them with up-to-date information and insights into the current state of knowledge and practice in the field. Oral cancer, also known as mouth cancer, is a type of cancer that affects the mouth, tongue, lips, or throat. It is a common form of cancer worldwide, and its incidence is increasing annually. Oral cancer can be life-threatening if not detected early and treated promptly. Methods: We searched the PubMed database, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, Scopus, and selected studies by predefined eligibility criteria. This review aims to provide an overview of oral cancer, including its causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prevention strategies. Result: Oral cancer is a preventable disease, and ongoing research is providing valuable insights into its risk factors and development. With this increasing knowledge, healthcare professionals have the opportunity to improve clinical outcomes by developing better early detection and treatment strategies. By staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in biomedical sciences and dentistry, they can make a significant impact on patient outcomes and save lives. Conclusion: summarizing the key points discussed in the review and highlighting the significance of continued research and awareness efforts to combat this complex and aggressive disease.

Wound dressings have a significant role in managing trauma-related injuries, chronic lacerations, as well as post-operative complications, by preventing infections and promoting tissue regeneration. Conventional methods using sutures and gauze often pose constraints in healing effectiveness and cost. Emerging materials, particularly cellulose-based nanofibers, offer a favorable choice due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and structural similarity to the extracellular matrix. Cellulose, being an abundant, naturally available biopolymer, forms the basis for modern materials for wound dressing. It is a very resourceful material due to its capability to be processed into films, fibers, and membranes with tailored properties. Surface modification of cellulose membranes with nanoparticles or bioactive compounds assists in enhancing the antimicrobial properties and supports sustained drug release, essential in chronic wound infections. Electrospinning and other modern fabrication techniques allow for controlling the fiber morphology and drug-delivery characteristics. This review highlights the properties, fabrication techniques, surface functionalization, and biomedical applications of cellulose-based materials in wound care. With increasing demand for effective and cost-effective wound treatments, cellulose nanofibers stand out as a sustainable, multifunctional platform for cutting-edge wound dressings, offering improved healing, reduced scarring, and potential for amalgamation with several drug delivery and tissue engineering approaches.

Introduction: Osteoblastic responses play a crucial role in the success of oral implants. Enhanced proliferation of osteoblast cells is associated with reduced cell mortality and an increase in bone regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the osteoblastic responses following oral implantation. Materials and Methods: Osteoblast stem cells were harvested and subsequently cultivated using cell culture techniques. The osteoblastic phenotype of the extracted cells was confirmed by examining the extracellular matrix. Cell morphogenesis on functionalized biomaterial surfaces was assessed through indirect immunofluorescence staining. The cellular response was investigated in the presence of two types of implant materials: titanium (Ti) and alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ). Cell viability and apoptosis were quantitatively assessed using MTT assays and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: The survival of osteoblastic lineage cells was moderately reduced post-implantation. Viability in the Ti implant group remained at approximately 86%, while in the ATZ group, it was observed at 75%, which is considered acceptable. Moreover, there was a significant disparity in cell survival between the two implant groups (p < 0.05). Analysis of apoptosis levels at various concentrations revealed that the rate of apoptosis was 3.6% in the control group and 18.5% in the ATZ group, indicating that apoptosis or programmed cell death in the ATZ-treated group had increased nearly four-fold (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate a reduction in osteoblastic cell line survival following implant treatment, with titanium implants exhibiting superior performance in terms of cell survival. However, it was also noted that the incidence of apoptosis in osteoblast cells was significantly higher in the presence of zirconium-based implants.

In an effort to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), this study investigates the potential of mentha-loaded albumin nanoparticles (MLAN) as a novel antimicrobial agent. MLAN was synthesized by a desolvation method in which the mentha extract was encapsulated in albumin nanoparticles to increase stability and reduce toxicity. Characterization of the nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed their spherical morphology, a size range of 100–200 nm and uniform distribution. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and loading capacity (LC%) of MLAN were determined to be 80% and 72.73%, respectively, indicating a high effectiveness of the encapsulation process. Evaluation of cytotoxicity using the MTT assay revealed that MLAN exhibited significantly higher biocompatibility compared to aqueous Mentha extract and maintained cell viability at 85.1 ± 3.5% at the highest concentration tested (250 µg/mL). Antimicrobial evaluations against MRSA showed that MLAN had larger zones of inhibition and lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values (0.39 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively) compared to the aqueous extract (MIC: 0.78 mg/mL, MBC: 1.56 mg/mL). In addition, real-time PCR showed that MLAN significantly downregulated the expression of key virulence genes (icaA, icaD and ebps) in MRSA, indicating a potential reduction in bacterial virulence. These results suggest that MLAN could be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics with improved antimicrobial efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. The study underlines the potential of combining plant extracts with nanotechnology for the development of new therapeutic approaches against antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as MRSA. Further in vivo studies are warranted to validate the clinical applicability of MLAN.