MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that are essential for regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional stage. Recent research shows that miRNAs are crucial in the development of two major global health issues: obesity and cancer, two significant health issues worldwide. This study examines the complex mechanisms by which miRNAs govern vital biological processes, including adipogenesis, cancer, and metabolic dysregulation. We highlight the dual function of miRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors in obesity-related malignancies and investigate their potential as prognostic and diagnostic markers. To demonstrate their varied roles, specific examples of vital miRNAs are underscored, such as miR-21, which promotes adipogenesis and is overexpressed in various cancers, and miR-34a, a tumor suppressor involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, we examined the recent developments in miRNA-based therapies, which include miRNA inhibitors, mimics, and novel delivery vehicles and have the potential for treating obesity-related malignancies. This review aims to clarify, within the framework of miRNA biology, the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in addressing the interrelation between obesity and cancer.

Four adult specimens of clinostomatid parasites were recovered from the buccal cavity and oesophagus of a naturally-infected male squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides (Aves: Ardeidae), collected in July 2019 from Giza Province, Egypt. The rate of natural infection was recorded as 10% (1/10). The parasite has the typical body plan organization of Euclinostomum heterostomum Rudolphi, 1809 (Digenea: Clinostomatidae) with minor differences in certain organs measurements. The body dimensions measure 5.57-6.71 × 2.29-2.97 mm (length × maximum body width). The oral sucker locates in the centre of the oral collar and measures 0.36-0.44 × 0.53-0.64 mm, while the ventral sucker locates in the anterior third of body and measures 0.65-1.10 × 0.63-1.27 mm. The right intestinal caecum gives rise to 11-14 diverticula, while the left intestinal caecum gives rise to 12-15 diverticula. The testes are tandem and lie in the posterior third of the body. The anterior testis is U-shaped and measures 0.61-0.70 × 0.85-1.26 mm, while the posterior testis is tripartite and measures 0.60-0.67 × 0.66-0.69 mm. The ovary is intertesticular, dextral to median body plan, and measures 0.22-0.25 × 0.33-0.37 mm. The uterus is pretesticular, intercaecal, filled with hundreds of eggs, and measures 1.54-2.13 × 0.59-1.32 mm. The uterine eggs are ellipsoidal; each measures 0.11-0.12 × 0.06-0.08 mm. The excretory pore is subterminal, intercaecal, and measures 0.12-0.14 × 0.12-0.14 mm. In addition, the surface topographies of the ventral and the dorsal surfaces of body were described.