Background: Knowledge of the anatomy of pulmonary arteries is essential in many invasive procedures concerning pulmonary circulation. In the diagnosis and treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), two-dimensional (2D) pulmonary angiography is used. Recognizing the topographic course of the pulmonary arteries and understanding the status in three dimensions (3D) is paramount. This study aimed to evaluate and describe the branching variant of pulmonary arteries in a single case, as well as morphological parameters of the segmental arteries, like length, diameter and branching angles. Methods: One pair of embalmed human cadaver lungs was dissected by a scalpel and surgical forceps and was measured up to the subsegmental arteries. Results: The diameters (ranging from 3.04 to 9.29 mm) and lengths (ranging from 9.09 to 53.91 mm) of the pulmonary segmental arteries varied. The proximal branching angles were wide and close to perpendicular, while distally, the angles between the segmental and subsegmental arteries were narrower (30–45°). Upon evaluating the branching, rare variations were identified and delineated, notably in the lower lobes of both lungs. Conclusions: Utilizing knowledge and data in clinical settings is instrumental for effectively diagnosing and treating CTEPH. Further research is required to explore the complications in invasive procedures related to various anatomical variations.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare but serious disease caused by persistent thromboembolic obstruction or narrowing of the pulmonary arteries. Its prevalence varies, and many cases remain undiagnosed, contributing to a substantial clinical burden. This study aimed to summarize all CTEPH cases diagnosed in Latvia in 2024, calculate the annual incidence, and present additional epidemiological data from Latvian pulmonary hypertension (PH) registry. Additionally, we sought to document the presence of risk factors in individual patients and analyze their diagnostic pathways leading to a diagnosis of CTEPH. This observational study aimed to analyze diagnostic pathways and identify risk factors in all patients diagnosed with CTEPH in Latvia in 2024. Diagnosis was confirmed at Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital according to ESC guideline criteria. Patients completed the emPHasis‐10 questionnaire and underwent a structured interview. In 2024, 15 patients were diagnosed with CTEPH in Latvia, corresponding to an annual incidence of 8.01 cases per million. Prevalence was 31.51 per million, and mortality—3.74 per 100 person‐years. Patients diagnosed within 2 years of symptom onset had lower pulmonary vascular resistance compared to those diagnosed later. The most common risk factor was prior acute pulmonary embolism (80%). In 60% of cases, diagnosis was delayed by more than 2 years, reflecting late referral to a PH centre. CTEPH remains frequently misdiagnosed and undertreated. Improved recognition of risk factors and stronger collaboration with specialized PH centres are essential to optimize patient management and outcomes.

Background: Knowledge of the anatomy of pulmonary arteries is essential in many invasive procedures concerning pulmonary circulation. In the diagnosis and treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), two-dimensional (2D) pulmonary angiography is used. Recognizing the topographic course of the pulmonary arteries and understanding the status in three-dimensions (3D) is paramount. The study aimed to evaluate and describe the branching variant of pulmonary arteries in a single case, as well as morphological parameters of the segmental arteries, like length, diameter and branching angles. Methods: One pair of embalmed human cadaver lungs were dissected by scalpel, surgical forceps and measured until the subsegmental arteries. Results: The diameters (ranging from 3.04 to 9.29 mm) and lengths (ranging from 9.09 to 53.91 mm) of the pulmonary segmental arteries varied. The proximal branching angles were wide and close to perpendicular, while distally, the angles between the segmental and subsegmental arteries were narrower (30-45°). Upon evaluating the branching, rare variations were identified and delineated, notably in the lower lobes of both lungs. Conclusions: Utilizing knowledge and data in clinical settings is instrumental for effectively diagnosing and treating CTEPH. Further research is required to explore the complications in invasive procedures related to various anatomical variations.