(1) Background: Hip fractures are highly prevalent traumatic events with significant functional consequences, particularly among the older population. These fractures are associated with increased mortality, postoperative complications, and functional dependence. Medical and nutritional factors such as malnutrition and sarcopenia are crucial for predicting functional outcomes and mortality in these patients. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, vitamin D levels, and sarcopenia, as well as their relationship with mortality, mean hospital stay, and 30-day-readmission rate, in patients with hip fracture who underwent surgery in a rural hospital setting. (2) Methods: A longitudinal retrospective study involving 124 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery in 2021 was conducted. Sociodemographic, surgical, and nutritional data, including vitamin D, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, were collected. (3) Results: The average age of the sample was 89.1 years, with a postoperative 30-day-mortality rate of 8.1% and an average hospital stay of 10.4 days. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 79.7% of patients, and a high prevalence of malnutrition was indicated by low albumin and elevated BUN levels. Elevated BUN levels and low vitamin D levels were associated with higher mortality. (4) Conclusions: Adequate nutritional assessment in patients with hip fracture is vital for identifying the risks of complications and mortality. Understanding the current nutritional status and its associated complications will aid in developing strategies to improve health and reduce complications in the future.

Background: The main objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of different biochemical markers of hepatic steatosis and to correlate liver steatosis with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including subjects over 50 years of age, with a BMI > 25 kg/m², but excluding any patient with documented hepatic pathology other than hepatic steatosis. Participants were divided into two groups: patients with hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasound (SG) and a control group of individuals without hepatic steatosis (CG). The level of physical activity was recorded by the IPAQ-SF questionnaire and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was recorded using the PREDIMED questionnaire. Biochemical markers analyzed included the Hepatic steatosis index (HSI), AST-to-Platelet ratio (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). Results: A total of 116 patients were included, 71 belonging to the SG and 45 to the CG. A total of 58.6% of the patients showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 35.4% moderate adherence and 6% high adherence. The median estimated physical activity was 495 METS, with most participants reporting light activity. In the SG, significantly higher HSI values were observed (p < 0.001). A cut-off point of a HSI of 40 was established, with a sensitivity of 73.2% and a specificity of 65.8%. Significantly higher FIB-4 values (p = 0.039) were also observed in the SG. A cut-off point of FIB-4 was set at 0.27, with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 57.9%. Patients in the SG showed lower scores in the PREDIMED. Patients in the SG tended to show lower METS scores. However, the higher number of patients with intense activity in the CG group stands out (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The HSI and FIB-4 showed a significant correlation with liver steatosis. Hepatic steatosis is associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and patients with hepatic steatosis tended to have lower METS scores.

(1) Background: Bariatric surgery has demonstrated the capacity to improve metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with morbid obesity. In addition, the Mediterranean diet contains anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic components, promoting a beneficial effect on MAFLD. This study aimed to assess the improvement of MAFLD, specifically liver steatosis, in morbidly obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and following a hypocaloric Mediterranean-like diet. (2) Methods: A prospective observational pilot study of 20 patients undergoing RYGB was conducted. The participants underwent a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study 2 weeks before the surgical act and one year postoperatively to assess the percentage of lipid content (PLC). The adherence to the Mediterranean diet was determined by the KIDMED test 1 year after surgery. (3) Results: Mean baseline PLC was 14.2 ± 9.4%, and one year after surgery, it decreased to 4.0 ± 1.8% (p < 0.001). A total of 12 patients (60%) were within the range of moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet, whereas 8 patients (40%) showed a high adherence. The patients with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet presented significantly lower values of postoperative PLC. (4) Conclusions: Liver steatosis significantly reduces after RYGB. This reduction is further improved when associated with a high adherence to a Mediterranean diet.