Extensive investigation has been conducted on plant-based resources for their pharmacological usefulness, including various cancer types. The scope of this review is wider than several studies with a particular focus on breast cancer, which is an international health concern while studying sources of flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, saponins, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and glycosides apart from focusing on nursing. Important findings from prior studies are synthesized to explore these compounds’ sources, mechanisms of action, complementary and synergistic effects, and associated side effects. It was reviewed that the exposure to certain doses of catechins, piperlongumine, lycopene, isoflavones and cucurbitacinfor a sufficient period can provide profound anticancer benefits through biological events such as cell cycle arrest, cells undergoing apoptosis and disruption of signaling pathways including, but not limited to JAK-STAT3, HER2-integrin, and MAPK. Besides, the study also covers the potential adverse effects of these phytochemicals. Regarding mechanisms, the widest attention is paid to Complementary and synergistic strategies are discussed which indicate that it would be realistic to alter the dosage and delivery systems of liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and films to enhance efficacy. Future research directions include refining these delivery approaches, further elucidating molecular mechanisms, and conducting clinical trials to validate findings. These efforts could significantly advance the role of phytocompounds in breast cancer management.

The advent of new strains of resistant microbes and the concomitant growth in multidrug resistance have made antimicrobial resistance an urgent public health concern. New antimicrobials are desperately needed to boost the success rates of treating infectious diseases and save lives. There are many intriguing biomolecules with antibacterial action, which are mostly unexplored in microorganisms. This review article describes the importance of natural compounds against microorganisms using advanced techniques to protect individuals from diseases. We have conducted an extensive literature review using databases such as SCOPUS, SCI, PUBMED, ScienceDirect, and Medline to gather relevant information. Our review covers various microorganism sources for antimicrobials, antifungal drugs, micro-culturing techniques, and microbial-based microsystems’ applications. Every kind of higher trophic life depends on microorganisms for sustenance. The unseen majority is essential to understanding how humans and other living forms can survive anthropogenic climate change. The article discusses antimicrobial substances and the latest techniques and strategies for developing effective treatments. Novel model systems and cutting-edge biomolecular and computational methodologies could help researchers enhance antimicrobial resistance by completely capitalizing on lead antimicrobials.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are rapidly changing the face of Research and Development (R&D). This chapter deals with a profound review of the current status and future trends of AI and ML in R&D. First of all, it gives an overview of huge investments and fast growth in AI, for instance, spending on AI systems worldwide is projected to reach as high as $110 billion by 2024. In the health sector, AI will potentially add up to $150 billion every year by 2026. The chapter highlights some of the most remarkable achievements in AI and ML, including transformer models like GPT-3 or Google's BERT, setting new benchmarks in natural language processing, low-code/no-code platforms democratize AI. Finally, the chapter asserts that AI and ML have the potential to transform R&D while insinuating that such development should be responsible and ethical. In adopting collaborative and open approaches, the stakeholders could reap maximum benefits from AI technologies in boosting innovation and societal benefits across different industries.