Introduction: The monitoring of children’s growth plays a crucial role in assessing their growth patterns and indicating their weight status. Overweight and obesity, determined by cut-offs of body mass index (BMI), are most commonly associated with unhealthy nutrition, non-communicable diseases, and other health disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) to measure routinely trends in children’s anthropometric changes, which allow intercountry comparisons within the European Region. Lithuania joined the COSI initiative. Our study aims to evaluate and compare underweight, normal and elevated weight (overweight and obesity) changes of Lithuanian first-graders during eleven years period. Methods: This study was composed according to the COSI study protocol, and it compares the five rounds of anthropometric measurements of Lithuanian first-graders (7-8-year-old) from 2008 to 2019. The main analysed variables were weight and height; calculated BMI, weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A) and body mass index-for-age (BMI/A) z-scores. Changes of the indicators were evaluated according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and WHO child growth standards, grouped by 4 estimates: underweight (thinness), normal weight, overweight and obesity. All comparisons were performed between age groups, gender and COSI round year. Results: The mean values for weight, height, W/A and H/A Z-scores were significantly higher for both age and gender groups when comparing later COSI round years (2016 or 2019) to earlier years (2008–2013, in some cases 2016 is included in this range). Time trends of the WHO growth standards and IOTF cut-offs indicate significant decrease among 7-year-old overweight group for boys and girls. Also, a significant decrease was indicated among boys aged 8 years in the overweight group according to the WHO definitions. The only significant increase in trend were expressed in girl’s group with obesity aged 8 years according to IOTF cut-offs. Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity of first-grade children in Lithuania indicates positive changes, that is the proportion of children with elevated body weight decreased, during eleven-year period. However, it is important to continue the monitoring of children’s growth tendencies.

This article presents the dietary habits of Lithuanian first-grade (7–8-year-old) students over a 15-year surveillance period to understand the trends and changes in their nutrition patterns. The presented data were collected from three study rounds of the Lithuanian Growth Surveillance Study conducted between 2008 and 2023, with a total sample of 11,594 first-grade students from all 10 counties of Lithuania. The main findings reveal significant shifts in breakfast consumption, with an increase in daily breakfast intake observed over the surveillance period. Conversely, the consumption of cereal porridge showed a notable decrease, particularly in the frequency of consumption. Positive changes were noted in the consumption of vegetables and fresh fruits, indicating an improvement in dietary quality. Also, a concerning trend of declining consumption of certain nutritious food groups like fish and dairy products is identified, whereas the consumption of sugary beverages is low. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing efforts to promote healthier eating habits among school-age children in Lithuania. Addressing these trends requires a multifaceted approach involving education, policy changes, and community-based interventions to ensure the long-term health and well-being of children.

Introduction The monitoring of children's growth plays a crucial role in assessing their growth patterns and indicating their weight status. Increased BMI, overweight and obesity is most commonly associated with unhealthy nutrition, non-communicable diseases, and other health disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) initiated the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) to measure routinely trends in children’s anthropometric changes, that allows intercountry comparisons within the European Region. COSI study aims to evaluate and to compare underweight, overweight and obesity changes across countries. Methods This study was composed according to the COSI study protocol, and it compares the five rounds of anthropometric measurements of Lithuanian first-graders (7-8-year-old) from 2008 to 2019. The main measurements were weight and height; calculated BMI, W/A, H/A and BMI/A Z-scores. Changes of the indicators were evaluated according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and WHO child growth standards, grouped by 4 estimates: underweight (thinness), normal weight, overweight and obesity. All comparisons were performed between age groups, gender and COSI round year. Results The mean values for weight, height, W/A and H/A Z-scores were significantly higher for both age and gender groups when comparing later COSI round years (2016 or 2019) to earlier years (2008-2013, in some cases 2016 is included in this range). Time trends of the WHO growth standards and IOTF cut-offs indicate significant decrease among 7-year-old overweight group for boys and girls. Also, a significant decrease was indicated among boys aged 8 years in the overweight group according to the WHO definitions. The only significant increase in trend were expressed in girl’s group with obesity aged 8 years according to IOTF cut-offs. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity of first-grade children in Lithuania indicates positive changes during eleven-year period. However, it is important to continue the monitoring of children’s growth tendencies.

Aims: The Killip classification is a long-established bedside tool for early haemodynamic risk stratification in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, its prognostic performance in contemporary STEMI populations treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains debated. We aimed to re-evaluate the association between Killip class and in-hospital mortality in a modern STEMI cohort. Methods and results: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 288 consecutive adults admitted with confirmed STEMI to the Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas Clinics, between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. STEMI was diagnosed according to the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction and ESC guidelines. The primary endpoint was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Independent predictors were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Model discrimination was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 18.2% (52/286 evaluable patients). Mortality increased substantially across Killip classes, from 1.0% in Class I and 3.0% in Class II to 69.6% in Class IV (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, Killip Class IV remained an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR 60.94, 95%: CI 15.98–232.46; P < 0.001), together with age, body mass index, troponin level, and asystole. The final model demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC 0.969, 95% CI: 0.945–0.992). Conclusion: In this temporary STEMI cohort, Killip Class IV was strongly and independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Although lower Killip classes showed limited prognostic separation, the Killip classification remains a rapid and clinically accessible tool for early risk assessment, particularly in haemodynamically unstable patients.