Background: During COVID‐19 pandemic, children are confined at home, with changes in family routines.Aim: Evaluate sleep disorders among Brazilian and Portuguese children during social distancing, and its association with parental perception of child's oral hygiene.Design: In this cross‐sectional study, Portuguese and Brazilian parents/caregivers of 3‐ to 15‐year‐old children, practicing social distancing due to COVID‐19 pandemic, answered an online questionnaire, from April 24‐26, 2020, evaluating sociodemographic characteristics, child's school activities online, child's sleep quality during social distancing. Two questions from the questionnaire, developed based on previous studies, evaluated the parental perception of child's oral hygiene quality and routine changes during social distancing. Parents/caregivers answered five domains of the Portuguese‐language version of the Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children, evaluating sleep‐breathing disorders, disorders of arousal, sleep‐wake transition disorders, disorders of excessive somnolence and sleep hyperhidrosis. Descriptive, Linear‐by‐linear association, Kruskal‐Wallis and post hoc analysis were performed (P ≤ .05).Results: Participated in the study 253 parents/caregivers, 50.2% from Brazil. Most parents (72.2%) reported changes in child's routine during social distancing. Sleep breathing disorders (P = .019), sleep‐wake transition disorders (P = .022), and disorders of excessive somnolence (P < .001) were associated with poor oral hygiene during social distancing.Conclusion: Sleep disorders are associated with poor oral hygiene during social distancing.

Aims: To evaluate the relationship between possible sleep bruxism and sleep characteristics in children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted through data collection of a pre-tested questionnaire answered by 111 parents on behalf of their children in the waiting room during their appointment at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of a public Brazilian university. The diagnosis of possible sleep bruxism was based on the international classification of sleep disorders (ICSD) criteria. The Chi-square test and logistic multinomial regression test were used in the statistical analysis. Results: The final model of logistic multinomial regression demonstrated that children with muscle pain in the mouth region (OR = 19.70 95% IC = 1.82–212.69), snoring (OR = 8.25 95% IC = 2, 56–26, 54), and those with parents with possible sleep bruxism have more of a probability of sleep bruxism. Conclusion: Potential sleep bruxism tends to be hereditary. Muscle pain, snoring, and mouth breathing were important signals associated with possible sleep bruxism among children.

To evaluate the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (SB) and its association with sleep features, orthodontic fixed appliance wearing, and extraoral and intraoral clinical signs and symptoms in a population of adolescents. Two hundred thirty-nine 12-year-old adolescents enrolled in private and public schools in Brumadinho, southeast Brazil, and their parents were invited to participate. They answered a questionnaire containing information regarding adolescents' sleep features and history of SB. Extraoral and intraoral examination was performed to identify some clinical signs (ie, absence of lip competence, presence of mouth breathing, clicks in the temporomandibular joint [TMJ], tooth wear) and symptoms (ie, pain in the masseter muscle upon palpation), and ongoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Parental report and clinical examination were used to determine probable SB. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to identify association of probable SB with independent variables. Of 239 adolescents initially selected, 231 (96.6%) participated in the study. Prevalence of probable SB was 16.9%. Adolescents who snored during sleep (odds ratio [OR] = 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47-6.70), adolescents who did not have clicks in the TMJ (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.11-10.15), and those who wore orthodontic appliances (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.04-7.14) were more likely to be in the group with probable SB. Snoring, absence of clicks in the TMJ, and fixed appliance wearing were associated with probable SB among adolescents. This study adds to the ongoing research on SB in adolescents and its associated factors. A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 1281.

Objective: The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) concept was the basis for developing a smartphone application for the real‐time report of awake bruxism (AB) activities. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the EMA with a randomised controlled trial designed to compare the frequency of AB reported in two separate single observation points between a group of students monitored over time with an EMA smartphone application and a non‐EMA monitored group.Methods: Sixty‐four (N = 64) dental students (22.3 YO [±2.6]; 52F; 12 M) answered the Oral Behaviour Checklist (OBC‐1) and were randomised into an EMA‐group (EG) and control group (CG). EG were monitored with a smartphone application for AB report during seven consecutive days and completed three EMA monitoring periods (EMA‐1, 2 and 3) at one‐month intervals. After the third period (EMA−3), both EG and CG answered again the OBC (OBC–2). Descriptive statistics were performed to characterise the sample. Pearson's chi‐squared test, Fixer Exact test and post hoc Z test with Bonferroni correction were performed. The study hypothesis was that EMA could influence the AB reported by the participants because it implies an increase in the awareness, self‐recognition, and self‐control of bruxism behaviours. The level of significance was set at p < .05.Result: The percentage of participants who changed the report of the activity of clenching their teeth while awake between OBC‐1 and OBC‐2 was significantly higher among participants in EG, when compared to CG (p = .027). For all other behaviours reported the within‐ and between‐group differences from OBC‐1 to OBC‐2 were not significant. Clenching and bracing were the most frequently reported, whilst grinding was the less frequent behaviour.Conclusion: A smartphone‐based EMA approach demonstrated be useful to monitor AB over time, increasing individual's awareness, particularly to bracing and clenching behaviours.

Objectives To evaluate the association of sleep bruxism activity with smartphone addiction and sleep quality among university students during COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods A cross-sectional online survey with 546 university students in social distancing was conducted (May 29th to June 2nd 2020). Participants should be undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in Brazilian public/private universities. A self-completed questionnaire collected sociodemographic characteristics, academic information, and severity of possible sleep bruxism (PSB) activities (grinding, bracing, and thrusting). Students answered the Brazilian version of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI-BR) and short form of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV). Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression were performed (p=0.05). Results Sample mean age was 24.9 (±5.5) years. Students with higher scores of PSQI-BR were more likely to present severe PSB-bracing (OR=1.154; 95%CI=1.057-1.260), severe PSB-grinding (OR=1.133; 95%CI=1.048-1.225) and severe PSB-thrusting (OR=1.197;95%CI=1.107-1.294). Students who had children presented 3 times more chance (OR=3.193; 95%CI=1.236-8.250) to report severe PSB-thrusting. Being female increased the chance of reporting moderate (OR=3.315; 95%CI=1.333-8.914) and severe (OR=2.940; 95%CI=1.116-7.747) PSB-thrusting. Students not enrolled in distance learning presented 2 times more chance (OR=2.638; 95%CI=1.233-5.649) of reporting moderate PSB-grinding. Students with higher scores in SAS-SV had a slight increase in the chance of presenting mild (OR=1.042; 95%CI=1.009-1.077) and moderate (OR=1.065; 95%CI=1.018-1.115) PSB-bracing, as well as mild (OR=1.044; 95%CI=1.011-1.078) and moderate (OR=1.041; 95%CI=1.005-1.077) PSB-thrusting. Conclusion Smartphone addiction, worse sleep quality, having children, female sex and not being enrolled in distance learning were associated possible sleep bruxism during COVID-19 pandemic.