The microstructure, elastoplastic properties, and corrosive response of induced porous Ti-TiH₂ materials reinforced with TiB₂ particles were investigated. Samples were fabricated using CP-Ti Grade1, Titanium Hydride (TiH₂), TiB₂ powders (0, 3, 10, and 30 vol.%), and ammonium bicarbonate salt (40 vol.%) as a space holder. Composites were fabricated using the Powder Metallurgy technique under high-vacuum conditions (HVS) at 1100 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation tests, and electrochemical assays were used to investigate the pore formation, pore distribution, phase formation, elastoplastic properties, and electrochemical behavior of the compounds, respectively. With a mean pore diameter of 50–900 µm and Young’s modulus of less than 100 GPa, which is close to the properties of human bone, the pore structures of the compounds processed here are shown to be a potential biomaterial for osseointegration. In addition, their $H/E_r$ and $H^3/{E_r}^2$ ratios for the reinforced samples are higher than those of the unreinforced sample (1.5 and 4 times higher than the unreinforced sample, respectively), suggesting a better wear resistance of the Ti-TiH₂/xTiB₂ composites. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that the Ti-TiH₂/xTiB₂ composites exhibited superior passivation properties compared to the Ti-TiH₂ sample. Additionally, the corrosion rates exhibited by the 3 and 10 vol.% of TiB₂ samples were found to be within an acceptable range for potential biomedical applications (29.26 and 185.82 E-3 mm·y⁻¹). The elastoplastic properties combined with the electrochemical behavior place the Ti-TiH₂/3-10TiB₂ composites as potential candidates for the biomedical application of CP-Ti.

This study explores the direct synthesis of carbon nanostructures on AISI 1018 low-carbon steel via spray pyrolysis, using α-pinene—a turpentine-derived terpene—as a sustainable carbon source. Two synthesis routes were evaluated: a catalyst-aided approach using ferrocene and a catalyst-free approach. Both methods yielded homogeneous coatings; however, the addition of ferrocene produced carbon nanotube (CNT) films (~70 μm), while the catalyst-free method resulted in carbon nanofiber (CNF) films (~50 μm). Tribological testing revealed that CNF coatings maintained a consistently low friction coefficient of ~0.12. In contrast, CNT coatings exhibited higher friction, increasing from 0.15 to 0.35 under loads of 2–5 N. SEM and Raman spectroscopy of the wear tracks suggest that CNFs retain their crystalline structure during friction, whereas CNTs become increasingly defective, leading to higher friction levels.