Micro-plastics (MPs) become significantly important to society since their commercial manufacture began in the 1950s because of their low production costs, stability, light weight, and adaptability. Plastic was produced in 400 million tons worldwide in 2020, compared to 1.5 million tons just 60 years earlier. Scientists predict that by 2050, plastic production would increase to 33 billion tons. MPs are a rising scientific and societal issue in the environment as a new type of contaminant that is widely disseminated in aquatic ecosystems and organisms. Aquatic species that come into contact with MPs for an extended period of time experience ecotoxicity, which includes oxidative stress, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive issues. In aquatic environments, MPs not only transport chemicals within animals but also serve as mediators for chemicals or other contaminants. As a result of co-exposure of MPs and chemical contaminants, various toxicity incidences involving aquatic organisms have been reported. The final exposure of MPs occurs in humans through biomagnification of aquatic edible products. This study presents an important overview of the literature on MP ingestion by aquatic biota. It covers topics such as the present scenario of plastic pollution worldwide, the pathways that MPs take to reach humans and aquatic species, the eco-toxicological impacts of MPs on aquatic species, the relation between MPs and other environmental pollution and the ensuing effects on aquatic organisms, and the MP pollution status in Bangladesh.

The study explored the correlation between serum biomarkers and hepatocellular carcinoma detection in various fishing groups, utilizing a descriptive and experimental approach in Bangladesh. The study identified fishers often consume tobacco, polluted drinking water, and lack sufficient sunlight, all of which are extremely detrimental to their health. Fishermen who mostly fish at night and spend little time on the water during the daytime hours do not get enough sunlight, nor do they get enough vitamin D. An increased risk of liver cancer was found to be directly and strongly correlated with insufficient serum levels of vitamin D. In addition, a negligent lifestyle, a lack of awareness about hepatitis, and inadequate nutritional assistance have significantly increased their risk. Our results contribute to the information on HCC assessment and evaluation by clarifying the relevance of serum vitamin D, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), creatinine (Cr), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in distinguishing between categories and sexes. According to the study, the combination of AFP, Vitamin-D, and Cr (AFP+Vit-D+Cr) has a high predictive value, which improves diagnosis and offers a reliable instrument for identifying liver cancer.

Aim: This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether there is a correlation between tumor differentiation and certain biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Poorly differentiated (n=443), moderately differentiated (n=379), and well-differentiated (n=272) tumors were separated from the research population, along with a control group (n=364). Biopsies were used to establish the presence of HCC, and biomarker levels were analyzed using chemiluminescence immunoassays in both infected and uninfected individuals. Results: The correlation between age and tumor size was shown to be statistically significant (p0.05) across all subgroups using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Patients with hepatitis C virus and non-A, non-B hepatitis had more advanced tumors than those with other types of poorly differentiated liver cancer. Similarly, individuals with HBsAg and moderate differentiation had bigger tumors, although there was no correlation between hepatitis C and non-A, non-B. Patients with HBsAg or hepatitis C had bigger tumors in the well-differentiated group, albeit the hepatitis C connection was not statistically significant. In addition, the study stressed that tumor size increases with age and that farmers were the most commonly diagnosed profession category. Conclusions: It is clear that early detection in infected populations is crucial for improving HCC outcomes and that chemiluminescence immunoassay has the potential to be a helpful platform for biomarker research. However, the study is limited by its small sample size and its emphasis on only three tumor markers, indicating that more biomarker research is required to improve the accuracy of HCC diagnosis and prognosis.