As an intellectual property product that is highly farmer-friendly, geographical indication (GI) products have always garnered significant attention. In recent years, research on how GI products promote agricultural development has been increasing, yet the academic community remains divided on this issue. On one hand, some studies point out that GI products can drive agricultural development; on the other hand, other studies suggest that the impact of GI products is not significant or varies. Meta-analysis is a method that leverages statistical techniques to integrate the findings of multiple studies with a common research objective, addressing controversial issues and arriving at generalizable conclusions. Therefore, to more precisely uncover the intrinsic relationship between GI products and agricultural development and to delve deeper into the root causes of the aforementioned discrepancies, this study employed a meta-analytic approach. We extracted 478 correlation coefficients (r) as effect sizes from 82 empirical articles worldwide. Using these coefficients, we calculated the overall effect size and moderating effects of GI products on promoting agricultural development. Research indicates that GI products exert a positive influence on agricultural development. There is a low positive correlation between the two (r = 0.197). Further analysis reveals that various factors at the sample, data, literature, and methodology levels all impact the outcomes of GI products’ promotion of agricultural development. Research has shown that, in pursuit of sustainable agricultural development goals, it is further recommended that governments should accord high priority to the cultivation and development of GI products. This is aimed at providing practical insights to facilitate the sustainable advancement of GI products and bolster agricultural competitiveness.

The core objective of this study is to deeply explore the complex interactive relationship between education investment policies and income distribution. The aim is to comprehensively analyze the specific mechanism of education investment in shaping the income distribution pattern, and to examine in detail how income distribution inequality issues feedback and affect the design, implementation, and effectiveness of education investment policies. To achieve this goal, the study will systematically review relevant theoretical frameworks and empirical research results, aiming to reveal the deep logic of mutual influence and causality between the two. The research will focus on the impact path of education investment on income distribution, including but not limited to: improving individual human capital, enhancing employment competitiveness, and thereby affecting individual income; By improving the overall education level of society, promoting the upgrading of industrial structure, indirectly affecting the overall income distribution structure; And the impact of the differential distribution of education investment between urban and rural areas and regions on income inequality. We will conduct a detailed analysis of how changes in education investment in dimensions such as scale, structure, and efficiency can be transformed into reshaping forces on income distribution patterns. We will delve into the reverse shaping effect of income inequality on education investment policies and propose targeted policy recommendations.

In China, where the corporate social responsibility (CSR) process is relatively underdeveloped, the government has promulgated a series of laws and regulations on CSR disclosure in recent years to promote the sustainable transformation of the economy. Using data from A-share listed Chinese firms from 2009 to 2021, this study empirically examines the relationship between CSR disclosure quality and firm investment efficiency in China. The results indicate that (1) improvements in CSR disclosure quality significantly mitigate firms’ underinvestment and overinvestment, thereby enhancing investment efficiency. (2) Further analysis shows that high-quality CSR information also promotes investment efficiency by reducing agency costs and financing constraints and improving media evaluations of firms. (3) A heterogeneity analysis suggests that the positive effect of CSR disclosure on investment efficiency is stronger for firms with lower equity incentives, more severe financing constraints, and higher media attention. Our study extends the understanding of the mechanisms through which CSR disclosure affects firms’ investment efficiency, potentially providing insights for research in related fields and guiding future CSR disclosure practices in other developing countries.