O objetivo foi avaliar e demonstrar os principais impactos do excesso de peso nas complicações e desfechos clínicos ocasionados pelo SARS-CoV-2. Estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura, norteada pela pergunta: “Quais os principais apontamentos acerca da obesidade como um fator de risco associado às complicações clínicas do COVID e doenças respiratórias graves?”, as pesquisas foram realizadas na base de dados MEDLINE através da associação dos seguintes descritores disponíveis no DeCS/MeSH: Coronavírus/Coronavirus, Obesidade/Obesity e SARS-CoV-2/Betacoronavirus, e a partir dos critérios de inclusão pré-estabelecidos foram selecionados 13 artigos para fazerem parte da pesquisa. Observou-se que a gravidade da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 aumentou com o IMC, a frequência de pacientes obesos em terapia intensiva e com necessidade de ventilação mecânica era em torno de 50%. O excesso de peso pode atuar desregulando as respostas linfoides e mieloides, as quais irão alterar o sistema imunológico e estender respostas inflamatórias, contribuindo para a maior proliferação de infecções virais, como ocorre na pandemia do COVID-19, além disso, esses indivíduos geralmente possuem distúrbios metabólicos e endócrinos preexistentes que podem contribuir para o aumento das respostas imunes, inflamatórias e consequente disseminação dos patógenos virais. O quadro de obesidade e excesso de peso atuam diretamente no agravamento e aumento das complicações dos sintomas de pacientes com a COVID-19, através de distúrbios no sistema imune, diminuição do volume de reserva respiratória, capacidade funcional e complacência do sistema respiratório, e pela presença de doenças associadas a essa patologia.

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in chronic diseases and aging by initiating protein oxidation, impaired cellular membrane damage and functions, and induction of DNA mutations. When endogenous antioxidants are insufficient to counteract oxidant stress, bioactive compounds might serve as physiological therapeutic agents attributed to their ability to neutralize ROS. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant, chemoprotective and toxicological aspects of the hydroethanolic extract from Orbignya phalerata Mart. mesocarp using in vitro and in vivo bioassays. The extract presented 9.9 mg/g of total flavonoids, primarily catechin and epicatechin. This extract exhibited no apparent toxicity upon Artemia salina (LC₅₀ > 1000 μg/ml) or Zophobas morio larvae (LD₅₀ > 3000 mg/kg), low hemolysis, genotoxicity, or mutagenicity utilizing Allium cepa cells. Cytotoxicity effects were observed on in L-929 murine fibroblast only at concentrations above 130 μg/ml. This extract effectively neutralized free radicals [DPPH^• (EC₅₀ 25.3 μg/ml) and ABTS^•+ (EC₅₀ 52.6 μg/ml)] and reduced H₂O_2-initiated effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The chemoprotective activity of this extract was also noted in A. salina, L-929 cells, and S. cerevisiae as evidenced from oxidative damage and toxicity tests results. This constitutes the first report describing the toxicological safety profile of a babassu mesocarp extract a rich source of flavonoids (catechin and epicatechin) with antioxidant and chemoprotective activities.

This study aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical composition and hypoglycemic properties of okra and eggplant flours. Initially, the vegetables were dehydrated, crushed to the point of flour, conditioned and stored until use. The flours were subjected to physical-chemical evaluation to determine the moisture, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and polyphenols contents and, then, the experimental analysis was carried out. This was done using Swiss mice, distributed in 6 groups (n = 3), one healthy, two diabetic controls and three diabetics treated with commercial diets containing eggplant flour, okra and the mixture of the two flours. The survey lasted 20 days, with daily measurement of water and food and, in the interval of 5 days, blood glucose and weight. The research was approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of the same institution, under protocol number 157/16. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA Software version 7.0. The results showed that the flours have an important nutritional composition, mainly in terms of fiber content. In relation to functional activity, okra flour was able to significantly reduce the glycemia of mice when compared to eggplant flour, a result comparable to that of other authors, who emphasize the importance of fibers and bioactive compounds in obtaining this result. both flours had a good nutritional composition, but the okra was more efficient in reducing the glycemia of diabetic mice, and may become an alternative in the dietary treatment of this pathology.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type among women worldwide, and there is a critical need for more effective and safer treatments, especially for aggressive and therapy‐resistant subtypes. Libidibia ferrea , a native plant from Brazil, exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and antitumor effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves (HAFL) and fruits (HAFR) of L. ferrea in murine breast carcinoma models. Chemical analysis revealed several phenolic compounds, including gallic and ellagic acids. HAFR showed three times more total phenolic content than HAFL and exhibited higher antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activities, inducing DNA damage and cell death in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In a 4T1 murine model, HAFR reduced tumor growth by 94% at doses of 0.3 and 3.0 g/kg without affecting body or liver weight. These findings suggest HAFR's potential as a therapeutic candidate for breast cancer treatment.

(1) Background: We examined the effect of the acute administration of olive oil (EVOO), linseed oil (GLO), soybean oil (SO), and palm oil (PO) on gastric motility and appetite in rats. (2) Methods: We assessed food intake, gastric retention (GR), and gene expression in all groups. (3) Results: Both EVOO and GLO were found to enhance the rate of stomach retention, leading to a decrease in hunger. On the other hand, the reduction in food intake caused by SO was accompanied by delayed effects on stomach retention. PO caused an alteration in the mRNA expression of NPY, POMC, and CART. Although PO increased stomach retention after 180 min, it did not affect food intake. It was subsequently verified that the absence of an autonomic reaction did not nullify the influence of EVOO in reducing food consumption. Moreover, in the absence of parasympathetic responses, animals that received PO exhibited a significant decrease in food consumption, probably mediated by lower NPY expression. (4) Conclusions: This study discovered that different oils induce various effects on parameters related to food consumption. Specifically, EVOO reduces food consumption primarily through its impact on the gastrointestinal tract, making it a recommended adjunct for weight loss. Conversely, the intake of PO limits food consumption in the absence of an autonomic reaction, but it is not advised due to its contribution to the development of cardiometabolic disorders.

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