新质生产力是城乡经济均衡发展的桥梁。论文基于新质生产力内涵构建指标体系，分析2011—2021年中国273个地级市的新质生产力水平及其演变格局，运用中介效应模型和空间计量模型，探讨新质生产力对城乡收入差距的影响、作用机制及空间溢出效应。研究发现：① 2011年来，中国地级市新质生产力水平整体呈稳步增长趋势且空间集聚特征显著，新质生产力各构成要素呈现“点状+面状集聚”空间格局；② 新质生产力发展对缩小城乡收入差距具有显著正向影响，该结论经过稳健性和内生性检验后依然成立；③ 中介效应检验证实，新质生产力发展可以通过提高劳动生产率和资源配置效率的作用机制影响城乡收入差距；④ 空间计量结果显示，新质生产力发展对城乡收入差距的影响具有正向溢出效应，在缩小本地区城乡收入差距的同时具有缩小邻近地区城乡收入差距的积极效果。新质生产力水平的提升对优化区域布局具有重要作用，未来应将城乡统筹发展目标与新质生产力培育相结合，着力发挥新质生产力在促进城乡协调发展中的积极影响。

The impact of spatial structure on the Urban-Rural income gap varies across regions and scales. Much of the current literature focuses on urban agglomerations, highlighting the need for more in-depth exploration of specific regions. Using LandScan population data, this paper investigates urban spatial structure from the perspective of monocentricity and polycentricity, investigating their respective impacts and mechanisms on the Urban-Rural income gap in Northeast China. The findings are as follows: (1) The development of a monocentric spatial structure in Northeast China significantly reduces the Urban-Rural income gap, a conclusion verified through robustness testing. (2) A mediation effect test confirms that this spatial structure reduces the gap by increasing urban labor productivity. (3) The urban spatial structure of Northeast China also has positive spillover effects, reducing income inequality between urban and rural areas in neighboring regions. Further exploration of the relationship between Urban-Rural income inequality and spatial structure is crucial for achieving shared prosperity. Additionally, this research provides policy support for developing a novel framework for land use planning and conservation.