Rapid urbanization will cause various land use changes and the vast occupation of green spaces, a critical factor in the deterioration of biodiversity in urbanized areas. Some species of wildlife are endangered due to habitat shrunk and fragmentation. However, Malaysia's current biodiversity protection range is still limited. The Ecological Network (EN) refers to a framework of ecological components, which can be obtained by geographical and technical approaches to support more ecological diversity ranges. Furthermore, little research has been found on EN in Malaysia and the impact of land use change on EN. Therefore, the Selangor region is selected as the study area. This paper quantifies land use change and measures the extent of land use change to obtain the EN’s change. The result has shown that forestland has decreased, explored by people for housing and agriculture from 2000 to 2020. The EN has a trend of fragmentation. Overall, this study's results imply that the land use change led to EN's worsened performance from 2000 to 2020 in the study area. This paper hopes that this research could help supply information on conserving biodiversity in future development and urban sustainable planning in Malaysia.

Over the past decade, there has been significant growth in the literature addressing risk issues associated with Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs). However, few studies have attempted to comprehensively map and visualize research in this domain. This study aims to fill this gap through a systematic literature review conducted in four stages, utilizing knowledge mapping analysis. More than 400 peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and September 2023 were examined, making this study the first to analyze such a substantial sample of papers in this field. The research identifies three distinct phases of growth trends in PPP risk management studies. To minimize arbitrariness and subjectivity in analyzing research focuses, this study employed a scientometric approach using VOSviewer software (version 1.6.19), which provides insights into the current state and trends of research on PPP risk management, including high-frequency keywords, contributions of core authors, and distribution across countries, regions, institutions, and journals. In addition to the scientometric analysis, a qualitative review identified six primary research interests, various research perspectives, and diverse methodologies present within the literature. Based on these findings, this study culminates in the development of a conceptual model for risk management in PPPs, offering a structured framework for future research and practical application. This study contributes to the literature by providing the first large-scale, comprehensive mapping and analysis of PPP risk management research, presenting a novel conceptual model that connects theoretical insights with practical implications, and highlighting key areas for future exploration.

Design Management is a systematic method of managing design process through integration of multiple stakeholders in a construction project. Its role and activity are about bringing ideas together, connecting, integrating, communicating, innovating and collaborating design activities, people, processes and resources that are related to the project. Project success can be measured either by objectives or subjective measures where both have their own contribution towards project management success and product outcome success. For this study, project success takes into consideration both measures. This is due to design-caused defect was found as the highest contribution in project defect when measured by cost. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between design management and project success. For this research, the components of this theoretical framework were developed based on the theories and empirical evidence relating to design management and project success measure. The outcome shows that 41processes had been classified into 7 project stages: project initiation, preparation of design outline, conceptual design, detail design development, procurement, construction and project operation and 6 components of success measure had been identified: Objective measure consists of time and cost and subjective measures look into quality, health and safety, functionality and end-user’s, client’s, design teams and construction team satisfaction.

This research aims to explore and analyze the critical success factors (CSFs) that increase the likelihood of successful implementation of tourism PPP projects in China. As an important step toward developing such a protocol, this study identifies and examines 22 critical success factors for tourism PPPs based on a systematic research approach, which includes a rigorous literature review, and semi-structured interviews. A questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the relative importance of these 22 CSF. The results show that the top three critical success factors for China’s tourism PPPs are: adequate project evaluation and demonstration; political support and stability; clear and stable policy documents on PPP. Factor analysis indicated that the 22 CSFs could be grouped into five principal success factor groups. These insights are expected to profoundly influence the development of policies related to tourism PPPs, providing a structured framework to enhance the efficiency and success of these ventures.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.