Background/Aims: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers accounted for 3.24 million deaths worldwide in 2022. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables en bloc resection of early neoplasms but is time-intensive and technically challenging. Hybrid ESD (H-ESD), which combines dissection with snare polypectomy, may improve efficiency while maintaining efficacy.This Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compares the safety and efficacy of H-ESD with conventional ESD (C-ESD).Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus databases for RCTs comparing hybrid and C-ESD for superficial GI neoplasms. Bayesian modeling in Just Another Gibbs Sampler used normal-normal hierarchies for procedure time and logRR for binary outcomes with weakly informative priors. Frequentist analyses were performed using Der-Simonian-Laird τ². Heterogeneity was assessed using I²/τ².Results: H-ESD showed comparable en bloc (RR, 0.97; 95% [CrI], 0.92–1.03; I²=22.8%) and R0 resection rates (RR, 0.97; 95% CrI, 0.90–1.04; I²=0%). Procedure time decreased significantly with H-ESD (MD, –18.05; 95% CrI, –27.77 to –8.33 minutes; I²=66.5%). Adverse events (RR, 1.08; 95% CrI, 0.44–2.63) and perforations (RR, 1.05; 95% CrI, 0.34–3.19) were similar between the two procedures.Conclusions: H-ESD matches C-ESD in curative resection while reducing the procedure time, offering a safer and more efficient alternative. Larger RCTs are needed to confirm the long-term benefits.

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's leg sporadically. The pathogenesis of RLS, also known as Willis Ekborn disease, is not fully understood; however, scientists note a complex interplay between multiple neuronal pathway-related genes with endogenous and exogenous factors. We report a case of a previously healthy 27-year-old man complaining of a continuous urge to move his right leg, notably at night. Laboratory evaluation proved negative for secondary causes of RLS; hence the condition was labeled as "primary idiopathic." The patient was started on appropriate pharmacotherapy and was advised to self-educate regarding his ailment. The patient began internet-based self-education and displayed excellent improvements on the International Restless Leg Syndrome Scale (IRLS). Mental exercises, such as self-education using web-based intervention and pharmacotherapy, could alleviate factors in patients with primary idiopathic RLS. Further research is needed to clarify self-education's role in managing RLS.

Introduction: Left ventricular dysfunction in an independent predictor of mortality in Chagas disease. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is an emerging echocardiographic modality with possible incremental value in early detection of cardiac involvement. Objective: Compare left ventricular function with multiple echocardiographic parameters between patients with the indeterminate and chronic forms of Chagas and perform a literature review. Methods: In this observational study, 11 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Chagas disease were evaluated. Individuals were distributed as follows: 5 with the indeterminate and 6 with the chronic forms. Conventional echocardiographic evaluation was followed by GLS measurement. Results: The mean left ventricle ejection fraction LVEF was 33 ± 2.88 and the mean GLS of the left ventricle was - 10.76 ± 2.20 in the chronic form as compared to 57.80 ± 6.49 and - 17.34 ± 3.82, respectively in the indeterminate group. Contractility was reduced in segments of the inferior, inferoseptal and anteroseptal walls in both groups. Conclusion: Analysis of longitudinal strain in the indeterminate form has potential incremental value to the conventional analysis of ejection fraction when compared to patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy, especially with individual segmental analysis but the impact and clinical significance of these techniques is still unknown.

Introdução: Disfunção ventricular esquerda como preditor independente de mortalidade na doença de Chagas. A deformação longitudinal global (DLG) é uma modalidade ecocardiográfica emergente com possível valor incremental na detecção precoce de envolvimento cardíaco. Objetivo: Comparar a função ventricular esquerda com múltiplos parâmetros ecocardiográficos entre pacientes com formas indeterminadas e crônicas de Chagas, e realizar uma revisão da literatura. Metodologia: Neste estudo observacional, 11 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de doença de Chagas foram avaliados. Os indivíduos foram distribuídos da seguinte forma: cinco com as formas indeterminadas e com as formas crônicas. A avaliação ecocardiográfica convencional foi acompanhada pela medida da DLG. Resultados: A média da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) foi de 33 ± 2,88 e a DLG média do ventrículo esquerdo foi de -10,76 ± 2,20 na forma crônica, em comparação com 57,80 ± 6,49 e -17,34 ± 3,82, respectivamente no grupo indeterminado. A contratilidade foi reduzida em segmentos das paredes inferior, inferoseptal e ântero-septal em ambos os grupos. Essas alterações segmentares no grupo indeterminado podem ser atribuídas ao dano miocárdico precoce por inflamação e fibrose, mesmo antes de uma disfunção ventricular esquerda significativa se tornar evidente. Conclusão: A análise da deformação longitudinal na forma indeterminada tem potencial valor incremental à análise convencional da fração de ejeção quando comparada a pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica, principalmente com a análise segmentar individual, mas o impacto e o significado clínico dessas técnicas ainda são desconhecidos.

Introduction: The disease caused by Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) was initially described in December 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 (Sars-Cov-2) is responsible for an important multisystem inflammatory spectrum. Cardiovascular conditions have been reported with an estimated frequency of 8-28%. In this context, transthoracic echocardiography associated with the analysis of the two-dimensional Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) of the left ventricle derived from Speckle Tracking emerges as a promising modality. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the applicability of GLS and segmental deformity assessment in detecting subclinical myocardial dysfunction in patients that recovered from COVID-19 infection. Methods: The observational study involved 18 patients (mean age 52 years) with recent evidence of COVID-19 infection that underwent detailed echocardiographic evaluation with GLS, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) according to segmental assessment results. The degree of correlation between the methods was analyzed and a systematic literature review was also conducted. Results: The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 57.50 ± 9.98%. Only 16.6% of patients had reduced LVEF. The average GLS was – 18.70 ± 3.54% and in 44% of cases only one myocardial segment was affected, particularly the inferolateral basal. CMR revealed inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Discussion: Subclinical myocardial involvement is associated with major adverse cardiac events. Literature review supports the use of GLS for detecting early cardiac involvement. Conclusion: Speckle-tracking echocardiography has been shown to have clinical utility in a variety of settings and to offer superior prognostic value with a potential to enhance subclinical detection of myocardial changes in patients after COVID-19 infection.

Introduction: Left ventricular dysfunction as an independent predictor of mortality in Chagas disease. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is an