Potato crops and their salability are influenced by potato pests in that both crop yield and quality are reduced. This in turn reduces the income for potato farmers due to lower prices for the crop, lower crop yield, trade restriction and reduced market access. Agricultural viability over the long run therefore depends on sustainable pest management. In order to efficiently detect potato pests, a dataset was constructed which contains eight prevalent potato species that were taken from several sources. Image pre-processing techniques were employed enhance image quality for compatibility with deep learning models. Among InceptionV3, VGG-16, and MobileNetV2 models, VGG-16 attained the highest accuracy of 94.44%, outperforming others. Inception-V3 achieved 58% accuracy, while MobileNetV2 reached 75%. Pre-processing has a major influence on improving result accuracy, which emphasizes its significance in enhancing model performance, according to an evaluation of its effects. These findings might lead to the development of pest management strategies for potato farming that are more effective. The efficient use of VGG-16 in potato pest identification systems is demonstrated by its excellent performance. Using deep learning models can therefore reduce financial losses and promote sustainable potato production. This study provides an approach for further investigation into the best ways to control pests in potato production, allowing farmers to overcome the obstacles and take advantage of valuable market prospects even in the face of pest threats.

Primary malignant brain tumors along with central nervous system cause a significant amount of deaths every year, making brain cancer a major worldwide health problem. In South Asian countries, the number of patients suffering from brain cancer is steadily rising. Treatment effectiveness and improved patient outcomes depend on early detection. Using a dataset consisting of 6056 original raw MRI scans, this study evaluates how well convolutional neural networks (CNNs) diagnose brain cancer. We present ResNet50 and ResNet50V2 models assessed for their effectiveness in identifying brain cancers. Transfer learning and fine-tuning were employed to enhance model performance. The models demonstrated strong performance, with 87-99% accuracy rate. ResNet50V2 achieved the highest 99% accuracy. To detect tumor early, this work emphasizes how well the CNN-based machine learning methods help as timely intercession and patient care is necessary. Early prediction with 100% confidence and reliable precision is a critical issue in the modern world. Our goal is to use advanced algorithms to forecast images affected by cancer. Lastly, we will deploy an automated system that will enable us to confidently identify images affected by cancer. Our suggested methodology and its application could significantly impact the field of medical science by combining computer vision and health informatics.

Agriculture is essential for the entire global population. An advanced, robust, and empirically sound agriculture sector is essential for nourishing the global population. Various leaf diseases cause financial hardships for farmers and related businesses. Early identification of foliar diseases in crops would greatly help farmers, leading to a substantial increase in agricultural productivity. The tomato is a widely recognized and nourishing food that is easily accessible and highly favored by farmers. Early diagnosis of tomato leaf diseases is crucial to maximize tomato crop production. This study aims to utilize a deep learning approach to accurately detect and classify damaged leaves and disease patterns in tomato leaf images. By employing a substantial quantity of deep convolutional network models, we achieved a high level of precision in diagnosing the condition. The dataset used in our study work is a self-contained dataset obtained by direct observation of tomato fields in rural areas of Bangladesh. It consists of four classes: healthy, black mold, grey mold, and powdery mildew. In this study work, we utilized various image pre-processing techniques and applied VGG16, InceptionV3, DenseNet121, and AlexNet models. Our results showed that the DenseNet121 model attained the higher accuracy of 97%. This discovery guarantees accurate detection of tomato diseases in a rapid manner, ushering in a new agricultural revolution.

Lyme disease, caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium and transmitted through black-legged (deer) tick bites, is becoming increasingly prevalent globally. According to data from the Lyme Disease Association, the number of cases has surged by more than 357% over the past 15 years. According to the Infectious Disease Society of America, traditional diagnostic methods are often slow, potentially allowing bacterial proliferation and complicating early management. This study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning framework to classify Lyme disease rashes, addressing the global prevalence of the disease caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, which is transmitted through black-legged (deer) tick bites. This study presents a novel hybrid deep learning framework for classifying Lyme disease rashes, utilizing pre-trained models (ResNet50 V2, VGG19, DenseNet201) for initial classification. By combining VGG19 and DenseNet201 architectures, we developed a hybrid model, SkinVisualNet, which achieved an impressive accuracy of 98.83%, precision of 98.45%, recall of 99.09%, and an F1 score of 98.76%. To ensure the robustness and generalizability of the model, 5-fold cross-validation (CV) was performed, generating an average validation accuracy between 98.20% and 98.92%. Incorporating image preprocessing techniques such as gamma correction, contrast stretching and data augmentation led to a 10–13% improvement in model accuracy, significantly enhancing its ability to generalize across various conditions and improving overall performance. To improve model interpretability, we applied Explainable AI methods like LIME, Grad-CAM, CAM++, Score CAM and Smooth Grad to visualize the rash image regions most influential in classification. These techniques enhance both diagnostic transparency and model reliability, helping clinicians better understand the diagnostic decisions. The proposed framework demonstrates a significant advancement in automated Lyme disease detection, providing a robust and explainable AI-based diagnostic tool that can aid clinicians in improving patient outcomes.