Corylus heterophylla, the majestic hazelnut tree, stands as one of the esteemed quartet of grand nuts reigning across the landscapes of temperate Asia, Europe, and North America. But its relationship with endophytic fungi remains thinly explored. This study successfully identified a new species designated as Nigrospora coryli through conjoint analysis of morphology and systematics. The genetic regions examined encompassed ITS, TUB2, and TEF1-α.The detailed morphological description, colour photographs of Macro- and microcharacters are presented.

A new species of Gymnopus sect. Androsacei, namely, G. pallipes is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is characterized by marasmioid basidiomata, a dark brown to reddish brown pileus becoming dull white to yellowish grey with age, whitish to pale yellow stipe and presence of rhizomorphs. Phylogenetic analyses support it as a new species within Gymnopus sect. Androsacei. The detailed morphological description, colour photos of basidiomata, and line drawings of microcharacters are presented and delimitation characters from similar species are discussed. A key to the known species of Gymnopus s. str. from China is also provided.

Throughout the global research on Tuber, species identification, diversity analysis, systematic evolution of mycorrhiza synthesis and cultivation, as well as aromatic compounds, remain one of the main focuses of current research. This article synthesizes research findings on Tuber from multiple fields such as taxonomy, population genetics, and mycorrhiza synthesis, discussing the biological characteristics, ecological functions, as well as the challenges and opportunities in current research. Through a comprehensive analysis of Tuber taxonomy, population genetics, and mycorrhiza synthesis, we have gained a deeper understanding of the importance of Tuber in plant root symbiosis, ecological adaptability, and species diversity. Future research will focus more on the protection and sustainable utilization of Tuber, pushing forward the research on Tuber to new heights.

Microbial diversity plays a crucial role within the plant rhizosphere ecosystem, serving as a pivotal indicator of plant health and stability. In order to explore the correlation between the growth of mycorrhizal seedlings and the nutrition and microbial diversity of the ectomycorrhizosphere, the soil of the ectomycorrhizosphere with different growth conditions was used as the research object, and the ITS1 region and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology were used to explore the inter-relationship. The findings indicated that the primary phyla within the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of various mycorrhizal seedlings were comparable, although their relative abundances varied. The relative abundance of Tuberaceae in good-growing mycorrhizal seedlings (CHTG) was 17.87% and 15.58% higher than in medium-growing (CHTM) and bad-growing (CHTB), respectively. Comparing the diversity indexes Chao1, Shannon and Simpson, it was found that CHTG had the lowest richness. Redundancy analysis (RDA)/canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) analysis revealed that Tuber was positively correlated with soil pH and negatively correlated with available nitrogen, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, and available phosphorus. Rhizosphere core species analysis showed that symbiotic Ascomycota dominated the rhizosphere soil fungi, and the bacterial community was composed mainly of Proteobacteria. There was a positive correlation between most genera of bacteria and fungi. This study proved that in the bionic cultivation of Tuber himalayense-Corylus heterophylla , the growth of mycorrhizal seedlings can be promoted by adjusting the pH to weakly alkaline and enhancing the advantages of Plectosphaerella in the soil flora, without adding other nutrients, which provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of truffle plantations, soil improvement and ecosystem stability.