Background: Dental veneers have gained growing interest recently as an aesthetic dental treatment. However, the public’s understanding of veneers’ benefits and risks is unclear. Aim: To assess the awareness and knowledge of the public about dental veneers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed an Arabic questionnaire, which consisted of three sections: demographic information, awareness about oral hygiene, and awareness about dental veneers. Correct responses to knowledge questions were assigned one point, and all points were summed to calculate the total knowledge score. Results: The study included 340 eligible respondents, out of whom 51 (15%) used veneers. Most responses to knowledge questions were correct. However, more than half of the participants wrongly thought that dental veneers are indicated for the correction of severely crowded teeth or to replace missing teeth, and 40.3% did not know that they require the removal of tooth structure. A low knowledge score about dental veneers was significantly related to male gender (p < 0.001), non-Saudi nationality (p = 0.005), attending medium/high schools only (0.014), and working in jobs outside the dental field (p = 0.036). Conclusions: The public’s knowledge regarding dental veneers in Saudi Arabia is fair but requires improvement to correct some misconceptions regarding the benefits and risks associated with the installation of veneers. The defects in knowledge identified by the present study should be addressed in patient education initiatives to improve patients’ understanding, align patients’ expectations, and help informed decision-making.

Introduction: Children under 18 are recognised as key stakeholders in healthcare and possess the right to actively participate in decisions regarding their care. Despite this, they are frequently relegated to passive roles during triadic healthcare consultations involving healthcare providers (HCPs), caregivers, and children. Enhancing child participation requires effective communication strategies; however, numerous barriers persist, including healthcare provider dominance and parental interference. This review aims to explore and identify effective communication strategies employed by healthcare providers and caregivers to improve child participation in triadic consultations within healthcare settings. Method: A scoping review methodology, based on the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and PRISMA guidelines, was used. A comprehensive search was conducted across four databases—PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL using predefined eligibility criteria. Studies focused on children under 18 in triadic healthcare consultations. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods studies were included to map existing evidence and highlight gaps. Results: A total of 37 out of 41 studies revealed that child participation in triadic consultations is frequently minimal and varies significantly depending on the communication styles of HCPs and caregivers. HCPs exhibit a range of communication styles, with some adopting a directive or task‐focused (Dyadic approach) that prioritises medical tasks and often sidelines children in conversations, while others utilise supportive and facilitative styles (Triadic approach) that emphasise rapport‐building, open‐ended questioning, child‐friendly language, and the use of interactive techniques that facilitate engagement. Parental roles in this dynamic were classified into three main styles: supportive facilitator, dominant and protective. Factors such as the child's age and developmental stage, wider cultural influences, the emotional context, and the healthcare environment were also found to significantly impact child participation. A variety of measurement tools were utilised to assess participation levels, including the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS), conversational analysis and context‐specific coding schemes. However, the review identified a notable lack of standardised tools, which limits the comparability of findings across different studies. Conclusion: This review highlights the need to enhance child participation in healthcare consultations through effective communication. However, improving participation requires more than communication skills training alone. HCPs must work closely alongside parents and caregivers to support children's participation rights and embed these principles in routine practice. Achieving this objective requires engaging both HCPs and parents to drive changes in clinical practice through a fundamental cultural shift in paediatric care delivery. Future research should employ validated measurement tools to evaluate progress and identify effective approaches to enhancing child engagement in healthcare settings. Patient and Public Contribution: The findings have been discussed with Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) members who have children. Their valuable insights contributed to the interpretation of the review findings and informed the next stage of the project, which will include audio observation of triadic consultations in paediatric dental settings.

Objective: To investigate the periodontal conditions and levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with and without diabetes. Material and Methods: Seventeen healthy participants and 14 individuals with diabetes were recruited. Various periodontal parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, and probing pocket depth, were assessed by a single, blinded investigator. GCF samples were analyzed for TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The results showed significant differences between the control and diabetes groups in terms of mean probing depth, mean attachment level, plaque percentage, and percentage of bleeding on probing. The analysis of cytokine levels revealed that the mean ranks for TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in the diabetes group than in the control group, indicating a pro-inflammatory state. However, no significant difference was observed in the levels of IL-6 between the two groups. Conclusion: Diabetes is associated with increased periodontal inflammation and elevated levels of specific inflammatory cytokines in the GCF. The study offers valuable insights into the interplay between diabetes and periodontal disease, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive dental care and the management of systemic health conditions for individuals with diabetes.