Tracing the origin of nutrients is a fundamental goal of food web research but methodological issues associated with current research techniques such as using stable isotope ratios of bulk tissue can lead to confounding results. We investigated whether naturally occurring δ¹³C patterns among amino acids (δ¹³C_AA) could distinguish between multiple aquatic and terrestrial primary production sources. We found that δ¹³C_AA patterns in contrast to bulk δ¹³C values distinguished between carbon derived from algae, seagrass, terrestrial plants, bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, we showed for two aquatic producers that their δ¹³C_AA patterns were largely unaffected by different environmental conditions despite substantial shifts in bulk δ¹³C values. The potential of assessing the major carbon sources at the base of the food web was demonstrated for freshwater, pelagic, and estuarine consumers; consumer δ¹³C patterns of essential amino acids largely matched those of the dominant primary producers in each system. Since amino acids make up about half of organismal carbon, source diagnostic isotope fingerprints can be used as a new complementary approach to overcome some of the limitations of variable source bulk isotope values commonly encountered in estuarine areas and other complex environments with mixed aquatic and terrestrial inputs.

High‐altitude lakes are exposed to high fluence rates of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR; 29–400 nm) and contain low concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). While in most lowland lakes, DOC can be used to predict UV transparency with sufficient accuracy, current models fail to estimate UVR in clear alpine lakes. In these lakes, phytoplankton may contribute significantly to the UV attenuation either as particles or as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) with distinctive properties. We investigated a series of 26 lakes in the Alps and Pyrenees, situated at elevations ranging from 422 to 2,799 m above sea level and having DOC concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 3.5 mg L⁻¹. CDOM, as measured by the absorptivity of filtered lake water, explained most of the variability in the attenuation of underwater UVR among lakes (r² = 0.94, P < 0.001). However, within‐lake variation in the UV attenuation revealed a significant contribution from phytoplankton in deeper waters (UV attenuation increasing with chlorophyll a concentration; r² = 0.97, P = 0.002), only apparent when DOC concentrations were low (∼0.3 mg L⁻¹). The DOC‐specific absorptivity (a_g^*) was also important for characterizing the optical conditions in this series of lakes. Epilimnetic values of a_g^* were significantly lower in lakes located at high elevations (with low allochthonous CDOM inputs from the catchment), compared to lakes surrounded by trees and meadows. Moreover, a_g^* was generally lower in surface waters than in deeper water layers, suggesting the influence of photobleaching on UV transparency. The slope S of the exponential regression between CDOM absorptivity and wavelength did not show clear patterns, such as found in marine systems, and often presented lower values in the epilimnetic waters (in association with lower a_g^*). Collectively, our results suggest that in transparent alpine lakes, the dynamics of the CDOM pool and phytoplankton production will have a strong effect on temporal changes in UV underwater attenuation.