Background: The prevalence of obesity is high. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity; however, the induction phase of anesthesia in these patients poses a risk of hypotension. Esketamine, known for its sympathetic nervous system stimulation, may stabilize blood pressure during induction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of esketamine on blood pressure in bariatric surgery patients. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 145 patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive esketamine or a control intervention during induction. Blood pressure and other vital signs were measured and compared between the 2 groups using statistical analyses. Results: Administration of esketamine increased blood pressure before intubation (T2). The incidence of hypotension was lower in the esketamine group at multiple time points during induction. Postoperatively, the esketamine group exhibited lower pain scores at 24 hours and a reduced need for rescue analgesics. Conclusion: A single dose of 0.2 mg/kg esketamine during the induction phase of bariatric surgery can improve blood pressure stability and decrease the incidence of hypotension. Furthermore, it is associated with reduced postoperative pain. Future studies could explore the effects of higher esketamine doses and validate these findings in a larger and more diverse patient population.

Background: Pulse oximeters are vital for assessing blood oxygen levels but can produce inaccurate readings during patient motion, leading to false alarms and alarm fatigue. Analog SpO₂ Technology, which uses analog waveforms to filter motion artifacts, may improve accuracy compared to digital sensors. However, the effectiveness of this technology in reducing false alarms in clinical settings remains unclear. This study assesses and compares the motion resistance of Analog SpO₂ Technology of two devices in the market. Methods: Thirty healthy adults underwent controlled experiments (Control, Linear Motion, Angular Motion) using two pulse oximeters. Linear Motion tested hand displacement impact, while Angular Motion involved rhythmic hand motions at 120 bpm and 160 bpm. Results: Both devices performed similarly in Control, with no disruptions. In Linear Motion, mild disruptions occurred, but no significant differences in SpO₂ readings or alarms. Angular Motion at 120 bpm showed stability with no alarms. At 160 bpm, Device B (Biolight Analog SpO₂) had fewer technical alarms but more SpO₂ alarms than Device A (Masimo Analog SpO₂). Conclusions: Analog SpO₂ exhibited motion resistance under static, linear and continuous waving angular motion up to 120 bpm and 160 bpm, but alarms occurred at 160 bpm with continuous tapping angular motion. These findings signify non-inferiority of either device in clinical settings. Further studies should include patients with cardiovascular and/or respiratory diseases. Trial Registration: The study was submitted to and approved by the Biolight Ethics Committee (S0723), and written informed consent from all participants was obtained.