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Mr. Muhammad Sajid
Xuzhou University of Technology

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0 Environmental Economics
0 Enviromental Assessment
0 envieonmental management
0 Macro economy
0 Environemntal modelling

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Career Timeline

Xuzhou University of Technology

University Educator/Researcher

01 June 2019 - 30 August 2021




Short Biography

Muhammad Jawad Sajid is an associate professor at the School of Engineering Management at Xuzhou University of Technology, China. He holds a PhD in "Management Science and Engineering" from the China University of Mining and Technology, China. He has strong interests in macro-economic modelling, environmental management, environmental economics, and environmental policy related research.

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Journal article
Published: 19 August 2021 in Sustainability
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COVID-19’s demand shocks have a significant impact on global CO2 emissions. However, few studies have estimated the impact of COVID-19’s direct and indirect demand shocks on sectoral CO2 emissions and linkages. This study’s goal is to estimate the impact of COVID-19’s direct and indirect demand shocks on the CO2 emissions of the Asia-Pacific countries of Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, and Pakistan (BCIIP). The study, based on the Asian Development Bank’s COVID-19 economic impact scenarios, estimated the impact of direct and indirect demand shocks on CO2 releases using input–output and hypothetical extraction methods. In the no COVID-19 scenario, China emitted the most CO2 (11 billion tons (Bt)), followed by India (2 Bt), Indonesia (0.5 Bt), Pakistan (0.2 Bt), and Bangladesh (0.08 Bt). For BCIIP nations, total demand shocks forced a 1–2% reduction in CO2 emissions under a worst-case scenario. Given BCIIP’s current economic recovery, a best or moderate scenario with a negative impact of less than 1% is more likely in coming years. Direct demand shocks, with a negative 85–63% share, caused most of the CO2 emissions decrease. The downstream indirect demand had only a 15–37% contribution to CO2 emissions reduction. Our study also discusses policy implications.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez. The Impact of Direct and Indirect COVID-19 Related Demand Shocks on Sectoral CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Major Asia Pacific Countries. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9312 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez. The Impact of Direct and Indirect COVID-19 Related Demand Shocks on Sectoral CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Major Asia Pacific Countries. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez. 2021. "The Impact of Direct and Indirect COVID-19 Related Demand Shocks on Sectoral CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Major Asia Pacific Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9312.

Research article
Published: 30 July 2021 in PLOS ONE
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The environmental footprint of courier, express, and parcel (CEP) logistics is significant and growing, owing to increased e-commerce. Consumer willingness to participate in the green logistics of CEPs, however, has been understudied. This study addresses this knowledge gap by surveying 155 Chinese consumers about their willingness to participate in CEP green logistics. Additionally, this research identifies some technical issues with previous survey research. Three main factors were extracted after the data were tested for reliability and validity using exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factor extraction and confirmatory factor analysis with diagonally weighted least squares. Consumer willingness is positively correlated with economic (8 items), operational (3 items), and social (3 items) factors, with a statistical significance of p < 0.001. Of all the factors, the strongest correlation, 0.67 (95% CI = 0.57, 0.75; p < 0.001; N = 155), exists between economic factors and consumer willingness. The results of a multinomial logistic regression analysis suggest that all consumers are highly unlikely to participate in economic factors, while they are highly likely to positively commit to operational and social factors. Therefore, it is recommended that the government provides monetary incentives to CEP companies to adopt green logistics, such as tax reductions and subsidies, to reduce the costs of green logistics. Meanwhile, the CEP industry could provide some direct and indirect incentives to consumers to re-use, recycle, and share materials, and to spend time learning about express enterprises’ green logistics, to increase consumer participation in economic factors.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez; Jie Zhan; Xiaohong Song; Yubo Sun; Jing Xie. A methodologically sound survey of Chinese consumers’ willingness to participate in courier, express, and parcel companies’ green logistics. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0255532 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez, Jie Zhan, Xiaohong Song, Yubo Sun, Jing Xie. A methodologically sound survey of Chinese consumers’ willingness to participate in courier, express, and parcel companies’ green logistics. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (7):e0255532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Ernesto D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez; Jie Zhan; Xiaohong Song; Yubo Sun; Jing Xie. 2021. "A methodologically sound survey of Chinese consumers’ willingness to participate in courier, express, and parcel companies’ green logistics." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7: e0255532.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Environmental Development
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Traditional consumption-based approaches seek to embed emissions from industrial production into different categories of final demand, with or without capital formation endogenization. However, not many studies have considered estimating final consumer embedded emissions, which can be calculated by endogenizing all final demand categories except for final consumers. Endogenization refers to the process of converting a final demand category to an intermediate industrial producer. In addition, this lack of literature has also led to a lack of focus on final consumer embedded carbon externalities. Here the authors modify the input-output model to endogenize additional final demand categories and develop a method for presenting final consumer embedded net carbon externalities. The findings show that the endogenization of both capital formation and final imports increased the Chinese household carbon footprint by 33%. While endogenizing these two final demand categories increased the carbon footprint of the Chinese government by 14%. The Chinese government imposed net carbon externality on Chinese households by consuming products of thirteen different sectors. Urban households levied net carbon externality on rural households by end-use of all sectors. This presentation of final consumer embedded emissions provides the final consumer's actual carbon footprint from all sources. In addition, presenting net embedded carbon externalities can help develop a more effective and fair mechanism for assigning responsibility for embedded emissions between different types of end-users.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Honglei Niu; Zijing Liang; Jing Xie; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman. Final consumer embedded carbon emissions and externalities: A case of Chinese consumers. Environmental Development 2021, 39, 100642 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Honglei Niu, Zijing Liang, Jing Xie, Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman. Final consumer embedded carbon emissions and externalities: A case of Chinese consumers. Environmental Development. 2021; 39 ():100642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Honglei Niu; Zijing Liang; Jing Xie; Muhammad Habib Ur Rahman. 2021. "Final consumer embedded carbon emissions and externalities: A case of Chinese consumers." Environmental Development 39, no. : 100642.

Conference paper
Published: 06 May 2021 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Human defence expenditure has increased due to the need for permanent military and police forces, which has led to the creation of a perpetual fear industry. The so-called fear industry refers to the industry created due to real or perceived fear, without this fear, the industry cannot be created. Most defence economic studies (both military and police) focus on various empiric aspects such as opportunity costs, GDP growth, public expenditure and defence industry taxes. However, this study focuses on the development and explanation of the theory behind the creation and death of this preputial industry of fear. This study also presents the concept of social GDP and free GDP, which can help to present the long-term economic effects of the reduction or possible elimination of defence spending by national governments. Decreased defence spending generally has economic and social benefits for the general public. In the long run, rising costs of the defence industry (military and police spending, etc.) and other miscellaneous social issues can lead to civil unrest or possible civil wars, which can have a devastating impact on global economies in the long run. It is therefore in the interests of global economies to begin to reduce expenditure, to seek cheaper and more acceptable alternatives, and eventually to get rid of these fear-based expenditures.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Continued increases in military and police spending can lead to economic collapse. E3S Web of Conferences 2021, 253, 03036 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Continued increases in military and police spending can lead to economic collapse. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021; 253 ():03036.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. 2021. "Continued increases in military and police spending can lead to economic collapse." E3S Web of Conferences 253, no. : 03036.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The fundamental requirement of carbon abatement is to complete the carbon abatement task set, at the lowest cost. In this paper, the non-radial distance function method is used to calculate the marginal carbon abatement costs of each unit, and the statistical method is used to estimate the carbon abatement efficiency of each unit. Based on the sum of dynamic carbon abatement costs in each province, the carbon abatement task allocation is optimized, and the data before and after optimization is compared and analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The function of carbon abatement efficiency can be estimated using the marginal cost of carbon abatement, by which, the carbon abatement cost of each province can be calculated. (2) The correlation between carbon emissions and carbon abatement efficiency of each province is weak, so the overall carbon abatement efficiency of China is low. (3) Optimizing the allocation of provincial carbon abatement tasks can significantly reduce the total carbon abatement cost and improve the carbon abatement efficiency. This study has significant theoretical and practical value for improving China's overall carbon abatement efficiency, and establishing the provincial initial carbon emission quota.

ACS Style

Qingren Cao; Wei Kang; Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Ming Cao. Research on the optimization of carbon abatement efficiency in China on the basis of task allocation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 299, 126912 .

AMA Style

Qingren Cao, Wei Kang, Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Ming Cao. Research on the optimization of carbon abatement efficiency in China on the basis of task allocation. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 299 ():126912.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qingren Cao; Wei Kang; Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Ming Cao. 2021. "Research on the optimization of carbon abatement efficiency in China on the basis of task allocation." Journal of Cleaner Production 299, no. : 126912.

Original research article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Frontiers in Energy Research
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In the era of the digital economy, for platform-based actors making a transition from one business field harmful for the sustainable development of society to a new field, their efficiency in value realization (EVR) has become inseparable from the digital platform used. The relationship between EVR on a platform and business transitions is a topic that has not been fully discussed, especially from the perspective of the platform service system. Also, few studies have explored transaction costs and opportunity costs using queuing theory. To fill these gaps and to inform transitions to sustainability, this paper applied a system dynamics method and proposed a framework for analyzing the relationship between EVR and the transition ratio. Findings suggest that improvements in the EVR lead to decreases in response time and may lead to an improved transition ratio. The ratio between EVR and the “entry rate” is important for predicting the transition ratio. However, preference, platform maturity, and the feedback of the transition ratio cause the effect of EVR to dynamically change. Based on this mechanism, the government can take incentive measures to maintain an acceptable transition ratio. For the power industry, the case simulated for this study, the transition can be improved by effectively transmitting a phasing-out policy for platforms and actors, and by guiding power exchange platforms to set reasonable rules, service levels, and growth rates.

ACS Style

Jing Xie; Tao Lv; Peng Tong; Xiangong Li; Yuduo Lu; Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Qian Lv. How Does the Efficiency of Value Realization on a Platform Influence Sustainability Transition? A Case of the Power Industry in China. Frontiers in Energy Research 2021, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Jing Xie, Tao Lv, Peng Tong, Xiangong Li, Yuduo Lu, Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Qian Lv. How Does the Efficiency of Value Realization on a Platform Influence Sustainability Transition? A Case of the Power Industry in China. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2021; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Xie; Tao Lv; Peng Tong; Xiangong Li; Yuduo Lu; Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Qian Lv. 2021. "How Does the Efficiency of Value Realization on a Platform Influence Sustainability Transition? A Case of the Power Industry in China." Frontiers in Energy Research 8, no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 03 February 2021 in E3S Web of Conferences
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The new COVID-19 pandemic has spread to almost every nation in the world. Most of the available literature on the economic effects of COVID-19 focuses mainly on the recessionary effects of COVID-19 on different industries and aggregate economies. However, some industries, such as masks (surgical and N95, etc.), ventilators and miscellaneous medical services, benefit economically from the current COVID-19 disaster. More and more resources have been diverted to these industries due to the increased demand of these special industries. Excessive demand from these special industries will eventually return to normal or, under special conditions, fall below their normal (usual) demand once the pandemic has ended. Which, in turn, will not only affect these special industries, but can also have an impact on the recovery of aggregate economies around the globe. The study presents a comprehensive model for the different phases of the short-term lifecycle of these special industries. Presentation of the working and economic backlash resulting from the eventual decline in demand of these industries may encourage world economic policymakers to look beyond the current disastrous situation and to devise the necessary monetary and fiscal policies for the future COVID-19 free era. Otherwise, it will be difficult for the economies recovering from COVID-19 pandemic to move back to normal functioning, because the additional resources (such as labor and capital) allocated to these special industries may be idle for some time, which may increase the burden and drag the recovering economies of the COVID-19 pandemic into a deeper recession even when the pandemic is over.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Economic consequences of resource trade-offs for special disaster-blessed industries: the case of COVID-19 pandemic Economic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. E3S Web of Conferences 2021, 235, 02007 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Economic consequences of resource trade-offs for special disaster-blessed industries: the case of COVID-19 pandemic Economic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. E3S Web of Conferences. 2021; 235 ():02007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. 2021. "Economic consequences of resource trade-offs for special disaster-blessed industries: the case of COVID-19 pandemic Economic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic." E3S Web of Conferences 235, no. : 02007.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2020 in Ecological Indicators
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Households play a vital role in producing industrial emissions through final-consumption. As a result, related literature focuses mainly on the drivers of household demand embedded industrial production (DEIP) emissions. Recent evidence on industrial emissions, however, shows that targeting industrial carbon consumers and their final demand, particularly from households, is much more effective. Unfortunately, there isn't much literature on household demand embedded industrial consumption (DEIC) emissions. The aim of this study is to develop a model that can help analyze the impact of key drivers on household DEIC emissions. The model is applied to Chinese urban and rural household DEIC emissions. Additionally, the study also employees Regional Sensitivity Analysis to rank and map the most influential factors of Chinese rural and urban DEIC emissions. Results showed that for both rural and urban households, income/capita with an average impact of 35 Mt and 111 Mt was the main driver of DEIC emissions growth. Income/capita was also the most sensitive factor for rural and urban DEIC emissions. The consumer industry's Leontief effect (technology) had the second largest positive effect on both rural and urban household DEIC emissions. However, for rural and urban households, the second most sensitive factors were different. Emission intensity for rural households and consumption tendency for urban households had the greatest negative effects on respective DEIC emissions. Finally, the article discusses results, highlighting policy implications for reducing rural and urban household DEIC emissions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Structural decomposition and Regional Sensitivity Analysis of industrial consumption embedded emissions from Chinese households. Ecological Indicators 2020, 122, 107237 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Structural decomposition and Regional Sensitivity Analysis of industrial consumption embedded emissions from Chinese households. Ecological Indicators. 2020; 122 ():107237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. 2020. "Structural decomposition and Regional Sensitivity Analysis of industrial consumption embedded emissions from Chinese households." Ecological Indicators 122, no. : 107237.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
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ACS Style

Niaz Muhammad Shahani; Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Xigui Zheng; Manzoor Ali Brohi; Izhar Mithal Jiskani; Fawad Ul Hassan; Abdullah Rasheed Qureshi. Statistical analysis of fatalities in underground coal mines in Pakistan. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 2020, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Niaz Muhammad Shahani, Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Xigui Zheng, Manzoor Ali Brohi, Izhar Mithal Jiskani, Fawad Ul Hassan, Abdullah Rasheed Qureshi. Statistical analysis of fatalities in underground coal mines in Pakistan. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 2020; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niaz Muhammad Shahani; Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Xigui Zheng; Manzoor Ali Brohi; Izhar Mithal Jiskani; Fawad Ul Hassan; Abdullah Rasheed Qureshi. 2020. "Statistical analysis of fatalities in underground coal mines in Pakistan." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects , no. : 1-16.

Conference paper
Published: 11 June 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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ACS Style

M J Sajid. Machine Learned Artificial Neural Networks Vs Linear Regression: A Case of Chinese Carbon Emissions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 495, 1 .

AMA Style

M J Sajid. Machine Learned Artificial Neural Networks Vs Linear Regression: A Case of Chinese Carbon Emissions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 495 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M J Sajid. 2020. "Machine Learned Artificial Neural Networks Vs Linear Regression: A Case of Chinese Carbon Emissions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 495, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The industrial carbon emissions of Pakistan, which is highly vulnerable to climate change, have increased rapidly since 1970. However, there is limited research on the industrial carbon links and final embedded emissions of Pakistan and other climate-vulnerable nations. This study aims to estimate the direct and indirect emissions from Pakistan’s industries, the embodied final emissions, and the magnitude of the final pull effects on intermediate industrial emissions. To do so, the study employs the input–output model and the modified hypothetical extraction method, and develops hypothetical extraction of final demand. The findings are as follows. The most carbon-intensive sector is Electricity, gas, and water, which directly emitted 53 million tons and exported 32 million tons of carbon. The Textiles and apparel sector is less intensive with approximately 20.4 million tons of backward emissions, making it the top CO2 importer. Households had the highest pull impact on the inter-sectoral carbon links of most industries. Moreover, propensity to consume, population, and per capita income were key factors in increasing indirect household emissions from 2005 to 2015. Production intensity had the highest negative effect on emissions. This study concludes that Pakistan should redistribute its mitigation burden among key industrial producers, industrial consumers, and affluent household consumers. Furthermore, efficient and smart reallocation of capital investment and expansion of its export base could help Pakistan to reduce the final pull effects of these two categories, mostly on backward industrial emissions. The estimation of intermediate and final emissions in this study could help to develop a targeted and collective accountability system for climate-vulnerable nations.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Inter-sectoral carbon ties and final demand in a high climate risk country: The case of Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 269, 122254 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. Inter-sectoral carbon ties and final demand in a high climate risk country: The case of Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 269 ():122254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid. 2020. "Inter-sectoral carbon ties and final demand in a high climate risk country: The case of Pakistan." Journal of Cleaner Production 269, no. : 122254.

Earlycite article
Published: 04 April 2020 in International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management
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Purpose Presentation of the different industrial carbon linkages of India. The purpose of this paper is to understand the direct and indirect impact of these industrial linkages. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a hypothetical extraction method with its various extensions. Under this method, different carbon linkages of a block are removed from the economy, and the effects of carbon linkages are determined by the difference between the original and the post-removal values. Energy and non-energy carbon linkages are also estimated. Findings “Electricity, gas and water supply (EGW)” at 655.61 Mt and 648.74 Mt had the highest total and forward linkages. “manufacturing and recycling” at 231.48 Mt had the highest backward linkage. High carbon-intensive blocks of “EGW” plus “mining and quarrying” were net emitters, while others were net absorbers. “Fuel and chemicals” at 0.08 Mt had almost neutral status. Hard coal was the main source of direct and indirect emissions. Practical implications Net emitting and key net forward blocks should reduce direct emission intensities. India should use its huge geographical potential for industrial accessibility to cheaper alternative energy. This alongside with technology/process improvements catalyzed by policy tools can help in mitigation efforts. Next, key net-backward blocks such as construction through intermediate purchases significantly stimulate emissions from other blocks. Tailored mitigation policies are needed in this regard. Originality/value By developing an understanding of India’s industrial carbon links, this study can guide policymakers. In addition, the paper lays out the framework for estimating energy and non-energy-based industrial carbon links.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Qingren Cao; Ming Cao; Shuang Li. Sectoral carbon linkages of Indian economy based on hypothetical extraction model. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2020, 12, 323 -347.

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Qingren Cao, Ming Cao, Shuang Li. Sectoral carbon linkages of Indian economy based on hypothetical extraction model. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. 2020; 12 (3):323-347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Qingren Cao; Ming Cao; Shuang Li. 2020. "Sectoral carbon linkages of Indian economy based on hypothetical extraction model." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 3: 323-347.

Conference paper
Published: 25 February 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Production and consumption-based approaches are primarily used to determine emissions responsibility at industrial and national levels. China is the world's topmost emitter under both these approaches. Most of the literature especially for China mainly focuses on drivers of direct GHG emissions. This study based on the curvilinear analysis, models best-fit curves between these two emission types and selective driving factors. GDP, GDP/Capita and GNI best-fit curves didn't support EKC hypothesis for production-based emissions, while for consumption-based emissions their curves are in support of EKC. Population, population density, Urbanization, C02 intensity and urban population agglomeration all had non-linear best-fit curves. While energy use indicated a linear relation with production-based emissions and non-linear with consumption-based emissions. FDI and renewable energy consumption showed a non-linear negative relation with both emissions. Understanding of the non-linear relationship between vital driving factors and China's emissions under both approaches can help policymakers formulate more informed mitigation policies.

ACS Style

M. Jawad Sajid. Modelling best fit-curve between China’s production and consumption-based temporal carbon emissions and selective socio-economic driving factors. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 431, 1 .

AMA Style

M. Jawad Sajid. Modelling best fit-curve between China’s production and consumption-based temporal carbon emissions and selective socio-economic driving factors. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 431 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Jawad Sajid. 2020. "Modelling best fit-curve between China’s production and consumption-based temporal carbon emissions and selective socio-economic driving factors." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 431, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2020 in Scientific Reports
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The final demand embedded emissions are mainly estimated by considering the intermediate industrial production. However, the industrial consumption embedded emissions are not well investigated. This study estimates both the industrial production and consumption embedded emissions of Chinese households. Our results indicate significant differences between household industrial production and consumption embedded emissions. These different patterns are due to the different set of emission multipliers, Leontief inverse vectors, and final pull effects employed in embedding the intermediate carbon consumption to final demand. “Electricity, Steam, Hot water production and supply” was the largest source of both urban and rural household’s industrial production embedded emissions. The largest amount of urban household’s industrial consumption embedded emissions was from ‘Miscellaneous intangible products’; while, for rural households it was ‘Food and Tobacco’. Shandong had the highest industrial embedded emissions from both approaches; however, the main sources of its embedded production and consumption emissions were different. This embedding of the intermediate industrial consumption emissions to household final demand provides new insights, for mitigating the household embedded carbon consumption. The uncertainty analysis indicated that sectors with bigger output values show higher uncertainty, and the input quantities of emission intensity and final demand were the main contributors to outcome uncertainties.

ACS Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Wanguan Qiao; Qingren Cao; Wei Kang. Prospects of industrial consumption embedded final emissions: a revision on Chinese household embodied industrial emissions. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid, Wanguan Qiao, Qingren Cao, Wei Kang. Prospects of industrial consumption embedded final emissions: a revision on Chinese household embodied industrial emissions. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Jawad Sajid; Wanguan Qiao; Qingren Cao; Wei Kang. 2020. "Prospects of industrial consumption embedded final emissions: a revision on Chinese household embodied industrial emissions." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2019 in Mining of Mineral Deposits
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ACS Style

N. M. Shahani; M. J. Sajid; X Zheng; Izhar Mithal Jiskani; M. A. Brohi; M Ali; B Ullah; A.R. Qureshi. Fault tree analysis and prevention strategies for gas explosion in underground coal mines of Pakistan. Mining of Mineral Deposits 2019, 13, 121 -128.

AMA Style

N. M. Shahani, M. J. Sajid, X Zheng, Izhar Mithal Jiskani, M. A. Brohi, M Ali, B Ullah, A.R. Qureshi. Fault tree analysis and prevention strategies for gas explosion in underground coal mines of Pakistan. Mining of Mineral Deposits. 2019; 13 (4):121-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. M. Shahani; M. J. Sajid; X Zheng; Izhar Mithal Jiskani; M. A. Brohi; M Ali; B Ullah; A.R. Qureshi. 2019. "Fault tree analysis and prevention strategies for gas explosion in underground coal mines of Pakistan." Mining of Mineral Deposits 13, no. 4: 121-128.

Article
Published: 30 July 2019 in Environment, Development and Sustainability
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Estimating carbon emissions from the perspective of consumption and reducing carbon emission by guiding residents’ consumption is paid more and more attention by some countries and organizations. This study by considering the capital formation as a productive input of final consumer products estimates the carbon consumption of Chinese residents. Furthermore, it explores the driving factors of carbon consumption based on structural decomposition analysis. Results showed that the carbon consumption of Chinese residents (rural and urban) grew steadily. The annual carbon consumption by urban and rural residents increased at a rate of 9.94% and 0.81%, respectively. The average per capita indirect carbon consumption by urban residents during the period was 3.17 times of that by rural residents. Structural decomposition analysis showed that the structure of the urban and rural population and that of the total population are both critical factors promoting carbon consumption by residents, where the former is more powerful. The per capita product consumption caused an increase in the carbon intake of households, while the carbon emission intensity of industrial production decreased the carbon use. Although other factors also contributed to the increase in carbon consumption by residents, their role was comparatively less. This study also provides consumer-focused important carbon emission mitigation policy implications.

ACS Style

Ming Cao; Wei Kang; Qingren Cao; M. Jawad Sajid. Estimating Chinese rural and urban residents’ carbon consumption and its drivers: considering capital formation as a productive input. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2019, 22, 5443 -5464.

AMA Style

Ming Cao, Wei Kang, Qingren Cao, M. Jawad Sajid. Estimating Chinese rural and urban residents’ carbon consumption and its drivers: considering capital formation as a productive input. Environment, Development and Sustainability. 2019; 22 (6):5443-5464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ming Cao; Wei Kang; Qingren Cao; M. Jawad Sajid. 2019. "Estimating Chinese rural and urban residents’ carbon consumption and its drivers: considering capital formation as a productive input." Environment, Development and Sustainability 22, no. 6: 5443-5464.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2019 in Journal of Environmental Management
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To guide households on implementing low-carbon consumption patterns, it is necessary to comprehensively measure carbon emissions of household consumption. This study expands the input-output relationship into the production-consumption relationship. It uses optimized data of the relationship between household consumption and production industry to calculate the entire production-side carbon emissions, including from capital formation, of Chinese household consumption, and uses LMDI model to analyze the factors affecting the growth of carbon emissions from Chinese household consumption. The results show that the carbon emissions of Chinese household consumption grew steadily from 2005 to 2015 almost 50% of carbon emissions were accounted for by high growth rates in residence consumption. Carbon emissions and growth rate of urban households’ consumption are significantly higher than the same figures for rural households. The carbon emissions intensity of all types of household consumption except residence and education has shown a downward trend. Household consumption structure and income level are the two main factors that promote the growth of household carbon emissions. Urbanization level and population size are secondary factors while household consumption carbon intensity is an important factor for curbing the growth of household consumption emissions. The study also proposes policy recommendations on how to improve the consumption structure of households, reduce the carbon intensity of household consumption, and curb the growth of carbon emissions from urban households.

ACS Style

Qingren Cao; Wei Kang; Shichun Xu; M.Jawad Sajid; Ming Cao. Estimation and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions from the entire production cycle for Chinese household consumption. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 247, 525 -537.

AMA Style

Qingren Cao, Wei Kang, Shichun Xu, M.Jawad Sajid, Ming Cao. Estimation and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions from the entire production cycle for Chinese household consumption. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 247 ():525-537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qingren Cao; Wei Kang; Shichun Xu; M.Jawad Sajid; Ming Cao. 2019. "Estimation and decomposition analysis of carbon emissions from the entire production cycle for Chinese household consumption." Journal of Environmental Management 247, no. : 525-537.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2019 in Transport Policy
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This study estimates total, inland, water and air transport net forward, backward and internal carbon linkages of EU's top seven emitters from 1995 to 2011. Moreover, it also reports direct emissions and intensities. Direct emissions of the seven for all four sectors mostly increased with varying proportions, while direct intensities followed a downward trend. Total, inland, water and air net backward emissions were reasonably stable excluding Germany who's total and inland net backward emissions sharply declined during 2000 while water and air emissions increased sharply. Although some nations witnessed a decrease, overall total, inland and air transport net forward emissions increased. While water transport net forward emissions had huge fluxes in the middle, stabilised towards the end. Total, inland, and air transport internal emissions for most of the nations increased over time. However, water transport internal emissions except for the UK were reasonably stable. ‘Electricity, Gas and Water Supply’ was the top source of German; Polish; Italian; British and Dutch net backward emissions. France and Spain's highest carbon imports were from ‘Coke, Refined Petroleum and Nuclear Fuel.’ Highest destinations of net forward emissions keep changing over time. The paper also discusses policy implications.

ACS Style

M. Jawad Sajid; Qingren Cao; Wei Kang. Transport sector carbon linkages of EU's top seven emitters. Transport Policy 2019, 80, 24 -38.

AMA Style

M. Jawad Sajid, Qingren Cao, Wei Kang. Transport sector carbon linkages of EU's top seven emitters. Transport Policy. 2019; 80 ():24-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Jawad Sajid; Qingren Cao; Wei Kang. 2019. "Transport sector carbon linkages of EU's top seven emitters." Transport Policy 80, no. : 24-38.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Inter-industrial carbon linkage analysis tells us about the transfer of CO2 amongst sectors of a nation. Hypothetical extraction model which removes a target sector and compares the difference between actual and theoretical economies is a popular model for linkage analysis. Regardless of mounting evidence favoring simultaneous application of both Ghosh supply and Leontief demand for forward and backward linkages. Related studies have mostly calculated both upstream and downstream carbon linkages using only demand-driven Leontief inverse model. This research estimates inter-sectoral carbon linkages of Turkey from both demand and supply. Electricity, gas, and water had the highest total demand and supply carbon linkage. Extraction of backward and forward linkages of mixed services have the highest demand pull and supply push impact on rest of the blocks. It also had the highest amount of net pulled and pushed emissions. Production block had the highest intra-sectoral purchase emissions while electricity, gas, and water had the highest internal sales emissions. Wind and Solar PV are the cleanest energy sources for Electricity, gas, and water supply. A carbon demand and supply based policy diversifies emission responsibility and encourages mitigation of a block's entire upstream, downstream and intra-sectoral carbon chain.

ACS Style

M. Jawad Sajid; Xinchun Li; Qingren Cao. Demand and supply-side carbon linkages of Turkish economy using hypothetical extraction method. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 228, 264 -275.

AMA Style

M. Jawad Sajid, Xinchun Li, Qingren Cao. Demand and supply-side carbon linkages of Turkish economy using hypothetical extraction method. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 228 ():264-275.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Jawad Sajid; Xinchun Li; Qingren Cao. 2019. "Demand and supply-side carbon linkages of Turkish economy using hypothetical extraction method." Journal of Cleaner Production 228, no. : 264-275.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Energy Procedia
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Capital formation has contributed the most towards Chinas’ carbon emissions, but capital assets are ultimately used for production. This paper by using input-output model embeds carbon emissions from capital formation to rest of final demand categories and compares results with other two common methods. Our approach has led to embedding of more carbon emissions and increased intensity. The analysis is mainly based on China’s 2012 input-output data and China Statistical Yearbook data. Under new approach, annual carbon consumption of rural households, urban households, government and foreign consumption significantly increased, urban households per capita annual carbon consumption is about 3.26 times of the rural households. Government’s 94% carbon consumption is from other non-material production sector. China’s total annual carbon export volume increased by48% under new approach. Some study limitations are also discussed in this paper. Our work is of certain reference value for understanding carbon emissions from the perspective of final consumption.

ACS Style

Qingren Cao; Wei Kang; M. Jawad Sajid; Ming Cao. Measuring China’s carbon emissions based on final consumption. Energy Procedia 2018, 152, 853 -862.

AMA Style

Qingren Cao, Wei Kang, M. Jawad Sajid, Ming Cao. Measuring China’s carbon emissions based on final consumption. Energy Procedia. 2018; 152 ():853-862.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qingren Cao; Wei Kang; M. Jawad Sajid; Ming Cao. 2018. "Measuring China’s carbon emissions based on final consumption." Energy Procedia 152, no. : 853-862.