The main applications of civil explosives in soils are soil compaction, mass excavation, and in situ pile creation. The suitability of explosives for each of these applications strongly depends upon the explosive properties and the soil properties. For those reasons, a reliable estimation or process simulation regarding cost efficiency and explosive work ability in the soil with known soil parameters is relevant. This paper presents a numerical simulation study of different types of soil (different amounts of gravel, sand, silt, and clay) under a blast load modeled using Ansys 2020 R1 Autodyn 2D hydrocode, with different types of explosives. The calculated results from the Ansys 2020 R1 Autodyn 2D and the experimental results obtained from the in situ cavity formation caused by blasting are presented. The Jones–Wilkins–Lee (JWL) equation of state parameters was calculated using EXPLO5 V7.01.01 supported by experimental data, while the soil and explosive properties were measured in laboratory and in situ.

Blasting is a key process that plays a significant role in various industries, including mining and construction. To measure the effectiveness and potential impact of a blast generated by different explosives, industry professionals use a widely accepted parameter known as TNT (trinitrotoluene) equivalent. This manuscript provides an overview of the approach based on the application of the explosive equivalency principle in the prediction of the seismic effects caused by the detonation of different explosives. The explosive equivalents of studied explosives are derived from the results of thermochemical calculations using the EXPLO5 code and compared to field tests. The results have demonstrated that the equivalency approach can potentially be a useful tool in the assessment of blast-induced seismic effects.

Modeling the change in the parameters of the soil exposed to the performance of the explosion, considering the heterogeneity of the soil, the dependence on the water content and the different calibration experimental parameters, is a challenge. The models, incorporated in the computer program Ansys 2020 R1 Autodyn 2D hydrocode, were used to model the performance of the explosive charge in the soil and can be used with certain accuracy to estimate the change in soil density in the environment of the explosive charge in an infinite environment. The processes of performance of three types of explosives on the density of the soil in the vicinity of the explosive charge and the influence of the mass of the ANFO explosive charge on the radius of the resulting expansion were modeled. The modeling results for cavity diameter are compared with the experimental data and presented in the article.

Research and innovation projects increasingly require Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of emerging geoscience technologies. However, the availability of inventory data varies considerably with technology maturity, requiring different approaches to Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) development. This paper analyses five geoscience case studies representing different stages of technology maturity to identify characteristic data collection strategies for baseline and innovation LCI scenarios. The analysis resulted in a practical framework linking technology maturity with appropriate inventory data sources and collection strategies. The proposed framework supports systematic LCI development in geoscience innovation projects and complements existing LCA guidance.